Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,062 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking gas exchange gas exchange in humans respiratory system in humans

The alveoli contain specialized cells that secrete a phospholipoprotein complex known as pulmonary surfactant. The function of pulmonary surfactant is ________________________.

  1. to provide some rigidity to the alveoli to prevent lung collapse

  2. to decrease the surface tension of the alveoli, making it easier to expand them
  3. to facilitate the diffusion of $O _2$ and $CO _2$ by providing protein channels through which these gases flow

  4. to provide a sticky surface upon which dust and microbes are trapped and disposed of
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Alveoli is the region in the lungs where exchange of gases takes place.According to histology of alveolar wall ,it contain 2types of cell

 I.e. 1-Type-1 cell 
            2.Type -2 cell which secret  DPPP(DIPAMITOYL PHOSPHATIDOYL CHOLINE OR LECITHINE) which acts as a surfactant and help in preventing collapsing of lungs.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

What is the central role of nucleus?

  1. Diffusion

  2. Osmosis

  3. Excretion of toxic materials

  4. Reproduction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus, bounded by a double wall membrane structure known as a nuclear membrane. The nuclear membrane is a discontinuous membrane having nuclear pores, which act as a protein channel for regulating the exchange of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. It regulates the cell in various ways but, the primary function of the nucleus is to contribute in cell division during reproduction by undergoing karyokinesis.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

What is the function of nucleus in a cell?

  1. It controls all the metabolic activities of the cell.

  2. It brings about growth of the cell by directing the synthesis of structural proteins.

  3. It contains genetic information in the form of genes located in the chromosomes.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleus is the membrane bound important structure of the cell. Nucleus regulates all the cellular activities by controlling the enzymes required for cellular processes. It contains genetic information in the form of genes located in the chromosomes. It brings about growth of the cell by directing the synthesis of structural proteins. It also controls all the metabolic activities of the cell.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Function of Nuclear membrane is 

  1. Nuclear membrane porous and the inside of the nucleus.

  2. It allows the movement of materials between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear membrane is also porous and allows the movement of materials between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans
Proteins perform many physiological functions. For example, some proteins function as enzymes. One of the following represents an additional function that some proteins perform

  1. antibiotics

  2. pigment conferring colour to skin

  3. pigment making colours of flowers

  4. hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Most of the body functions are regulated by hormones like growth, vegetative and sexual development, thermal regulation, cellular oxidation, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. Hormones are needed in very small quantity to carry out these functions. Some hormones are proteinaceous eg: insulin (regulates sugar metabolism), growth hormone of pituitary, parathyroid hormone parathormone (regulates calcium and phosphate transport).

Multiple choice

How is carbon chemically important to living organisms?

  1. it's the basis for the molecules animals need

  2. it's the basis for molecules of water

  3. it helps detoxify common molecules

  4. it is not chemically important
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Carbon's ability to form stable bonds with many other elements allows it to create the complex molecules (like DNA, proteins, and sugars) necessary for life.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

The primary function of carbohydrates in cells are

  1. Signal transduction

  2. Storage of information and catalysis of substances

  3. Energy storage and cell identity

  4. Catalysis and transport of various substances
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Primary functions of carbohydrates in the cells are as follows as:

  • Provide energy to all cells of the body of an organism.
  • Store energy in the form carbohydrates.
  • Also, help in building the macromolecule, proteins and fats.
  • Also, help in the formation of receptor ( e.g. lecithin) present on the cell surface and help in cell identity.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Energy storage and cell identity'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Major function of peroxisomes is oxidation of

  1. Excess purine

  2. Surplus amino acids

  3. Alcohol and drugs

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
  • The important oxidation reactions of peroxisomes within a cell are-
  1. Oxidation or breakdown of excess purines i.e, adenosines monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate to uric acid.
  2. It contains the enzyme called D-amino acid oxidase which oxidises amino acids.
  3. It also oxidises or metabolises alcohol and drugs in the liver by peroxisomal catalase.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry coordination in life processes digestive system - organs process of digestion coordination in the process of digestion

Function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to

  1. Digest carbohydrates

  2. Clean the stomach

  3. Kill the germs

  4. Break down proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The stomach wall consists gastric gland which secretes gastric juice for digestion of food. The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating many digestive enzymes and in destroying various pathogens. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The function of the liver is to

  1. Promote digestion of food

  2. Promote respiration

  3. Store glucose as glucogen

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The liver plays a central role in metabolism, including glycogenesis (storing glucose as glycogen), gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis to maintain blood glucose levels.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Liver performs the function of

  1. Glycogenesis

  2. Glycogenolysis

  3. Deammination

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The liver performs all these functions: glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen), glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose), and deamination (removal of amino groups from amino acids).

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The chief function of bile juice is to:

  1. emulsify fats for digestion

  2. emulsify proteins for digestion

  3. regulate digestion of proteins

  4. digest fats by enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The main function of bile juice is the absorption of fats, fat-soluble substances such as vitamin A, D, E, & K.
So, the correct option is 'Emulsify fats for digestion'.
Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

The function of hypodermis is

  1. Protection

  2. Hardness

  3. Support

  4. Storage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The protoderm mainly differentiates to form the dermal layer which is known as epidermis, hypodermis, and endodermis. Hypodermis (exodermis) is the outermost layer of cells in the plant cortex. These cells are modified to give additional structural support or to store food materials or water. After the loss of the piliferous layer of the root, the hypodermis takes over the protective functions of the epidermis.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

The main function of sclerenchyma is to help in the ___________________.

  1. Conduction of food

  2. Synthesis of food

  3. Exchange of gases

  4. Mechanical support
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Conduction of food from leaves to other parts of the plant is carried out by phloem cells. 
The synthesis of food is carried out by chlorenchyma cells. These are parenchyma cells with chlorophyll pigments. 

Exchange of gasses is carried out by stomata, which are small pores present on leaf epidermis.   
Sclerenchyma is a type of permanent tissue. They are dead, long, thin narrow cells with thickened walls without any internal space. This tissue makes the plant hard and stiff. This aids in mechanical support to plant. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

What is the function of sclerenchymatous tissue?

  1. Flexibilty

  2. Tenderness

  3. Strength

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The chief mechanical tissue of the plant body composed of highly thick walled cell with little or no protoplasm is called as sclerenchyma. The main function of sclerenchymatous tissues is to give support to the plant. It also provides hardness and protective covering to seed and nuts.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.