Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following eye movements will take place if a boy moves his eyes both in left and right directions?

  1. Conjugate eye movements

  2. Vergence eye movements

  3. Saccadic eye movements

  4. Smooth pursuit movements
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Conjugate eye movements are those that preserve the angular relationship between the right and left eyes. For example, when you move both eyes left and then right, a conjugate movement is made. Up and down movements and combinations of vertical and lateral movements also fall into the conjugate category.

Multiple choice

What is the function of the hormone 'erythropoietin'?

  1. Delays maturation of RBCs

  2. Accelerates the production of RBCs and hemoglobin

  3. Reduces the affinity of hemoglobin towards oxygen

  4. Delays the production of heme protein

  5. Stops the development of RBCs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is an essential hormone for red cell production, which is known as erythropoiesis. It is produced in the kidneys especially under hypoxic condition.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of vacuoles?

  1. They function as a dump house of waste products in plant cells.

  2. They take part in osmoregulation and excretion.

  3. They help in liberating energy.

  4. They store salt, sugar, amino acids, etc.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

No, mitochondria present in the cell help in liberating energy. They consume oxygen and liberate carbon dioxide.

Multiple choice

Mr. Kapil Pandey is suffering from cholera. Which among the following cells will help him to recover?

  1. Serous cells

  2. Paneth cells

  3. Myoepithelial cells

  4. Stem cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cholera pathogen destroys the intestinal epithelium, leading to loss of body fluid across the mucosa, copious diarrhea, massive dehydration, and death within a few days. However, if patients can be kept hydrated for those few days, epithelial replacement by stem cell division will restore normal function.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

  1. Secreting immunoglobulin A

  2. Maintaining sterility of the body

  3. Filtering small blood clots formed in the arteries

  4. Forming a defence system against air-borne infection

  5. Serving as a reservoir of blood in the body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lungs filter gas micro-bubbles occurring in the venous blood stream such as those created during decompression after underwater diving. They also filter out small blood clots formed in the veins.

Multiple choice

The main function of testes is to produce

  1. sperms

  2. urine

  3. eggs

  4. enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The primary function of testes is to produce sperm (spermatogenesis) and male sex hormones (testosterone). Testes are not involved in urine production (kidneys), egg production (ovaries), or digestive enzyme production (pancreas).

Multiple choice

If a microbe enters the body through the nose, which part of our body is it likely to get affected?

  1. Lungs

  2. Heart

  3. Gut

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When microbes enter through the nose, they travel down the respiratory tract and primarily infect the lungs and respiratory system. The heart is vascular and not directly accessible this way, while the gut requires swallowing through the mouth, and the liver would require bloodstream circulation from the lungs.

Multiple choice

Water is indispensable. Our body needs 2 - 3 litres of water every day. Which of the following is not a use of water for our body?

  1. Water is a means of transporting substances in organisms.

  2. It is essential for preventing goitre.

  3. Water helps the body to maintain a constant temperature.

  4. It helps in the absorption of food.

  5. Water helps in the excretion of waste products from the body.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Water has no role in the prevention of goitre. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of protein?

  1. Protein helps the body in growth

  2. Proteins help in repairing blood cells and tissues

  3. Proteins help in protecting and helping body fight infection

  4. Proteins promote blood clotting in the body

  5. Proteins regulate body functions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is not a function of proteins. Mineral salts of calcium and phosphorus are required for promoting blood clotting and making bones and teeth hard.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  1. Smooth ER gives support to the cytoplasm.

  2. Smooth ER is the site of steroid production and lipids.

  3. Smooth ER transports the proteins made on the ribosomes.

  4. Smooth ER acts as a storage site for calcium in skeletal muscle cells.

  5. Smooth ER contains enzymes that detoxify a wide variety of organic molecules in the cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Rough ER contains ribosomes on it, which transports the proteins, but smooth ER does not contain ribosomes on it.

Multiple choice

What is true about Ferrochelatase?

  1. It is an iron chelating agent.

  2. It releases iron from heme in the degradation of Hb.

  3. It binds iron to sulfide ions and cysteine.

  4. Its activity is inhibited by heavy metals.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ferrochelatase is the final enzyme in heme synthesis, inserting ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX. Heavy metals like lead inhibit ferrochelatase activity, which is why lead poisoning causes anemia. It doesn't chelate iron therapeutically, degrade hemoglobin, or bind to sulfide ions.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. HbS is caused by a single base mutation on the beta-chain.

  2. Fluorescent probes may assist in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies.

  3. In thalassaemia, persistance of HbF is an adverse prognostic sign.

  4. In Alpha thalassaemia, there is a deficiency of beta-chain production.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

HbS (sickle cell hemoglobin) is caused by a single point mutation (glutamic acid to valine) at position 6 of the beta-chain. This is a well-established genetic fact. Option B is incorrect because fluorescent probes are not standard diagnostic tools for hemoglobinopathies. Option C is wrong because HbF persistence is actually protective in thalassemia, not adverse. Option D is incorrect because alpha thalassemia involves alpha-chain deficiency, not beta-chain.

Multiple choice

Microcytic hypochromic anemia is seen in all except

  1. thalassemia

  2. iron deficiency anemia

  3. malaria

  4. lead poisoning
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The question asks for the exception - which condition does NOT cause microcytic hypochromic anemia. Malaria typically causes normocytic or macrocytic anemia due to hemolysis and dyserythropoiesis, while thalassemia, iron deficiency, and lead poisoning all classically produce microcytic hypochromic red cells.