Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,062 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

Where are Haversian canals found and what is their function?

  1. Cartilages; makes them tough and elastic

  2. Bones; forms matrix for nerves and capillaries

  3. Blood; conducts the hormones, vitamins and antibodies throughout the body

  4. Below skin; stores fat

  5. Ear; maintains the balance of the body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Haversian canals form matrix for nerves and capillaries in bones

Multiple choice

The role of spleen in mammal is

  1. to control blood pressure

  2. to assist the liver

  3. to act as haemopoietic tissue

  4. to assist the kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The spleen serves as a haemopoietic (blood-forming) organ, particularly during fetal development and in some adult mammals where it produces red and white blood cells. While its major functions include filtering blood and supporting immune responses, blood cell formation remains one of its important biological roles.

Multiple choice

Which of the following functions is performed by the pericardial fluid?

  1. To reduce the friction between the heart wall and surrounding tissues

  2. To protect the heart from mechanical injury

  3. To allow the diffusion of oxygen into intracellular space

  4. To prevent the entry of deoxygenated blood in the pericardial cavity

  5. To provide the elasticity to the walls
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pericardial fluid reduces friction between the heart wall and surrounding tissues when the heart beats.

Multiple choice

What is the function of the hormone 'erythropoietin'?

  1. Delays maturation of RBCs

  2. Accelerates the production of RBCs and hemoglobin

  3. Reduces the affinity of hemoglobin towards oxygen

  4. Delays the production of heme protein

  5. Stops the development of RBCs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is an essential hormone for red cell production, which is known as erythropoiesis. It is produced in the kidneys especially under hypoxic condition.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of vacuoles?

  1. They function as a dump house of waste products in plant cells.

  2. They take part in osmoregulation and excretion.

  3. They help in liberating energy.

  4. They store salt, sugar, amino acids, etc.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

No, mitochondria present in the cell help in liberating energy. They consume oxygen and liberate carbon dioxide.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

  1. Secreting immunoglobulin A

  2. Maintaining sterility of the body

  3. Filtering small blood clots formed in the arteries

  4. Forming a defence system against air-borne infection

  5. Serving as a reservoir of blood in the body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lungs filter gas micro-bubbles occurring in the venous blood stream such as those created during decompression after underwater diving. They also filter out small blood clots formed in the veins.

Multiple choice

The main function of testes is to produce

  1. sperms

  2. urine

  3. eggs

  4. enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The primary function of testes is to produce sperm (spermatogenesis) and male sex hormones (testosterone). Testes are not involved in urine production (kidneys), egg production (ovaries), or digestive enzyme production (pancreas).

Multiple choice

Water is indispensable. Our body needs 2 - 3 litres of water every day. Which of the following is not a use of water for our body?

  1. Water is a means of transporting substances in organisms.

  2. It is essential for preventing goitre.

  3. Water helps the body to maintain a constant temperature.

  4. It helps in the absorption of food.

  5. Water helps in the excretion of waste products from the body.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Water has no role in the prevention of goitre. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of protein?

  1. Protein helps the body in growth

  2. Proteins help in repairing blood cells and tissues

  3. Proteins help in protecting and helping body fight infection

  4. Proteins promote blood clotting in the body

  5. Proteins regulate body functions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is not a function of proteins. Mineral salts of calcium and phosphorus are required for promoting blood clotting and making bones and teeth hard.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  1. Smooth ER gives support to the cytoplasm.

  2. Smooth ER is the site of steroid production and lipids.

  3. Smooth ER transports the proteins made on the ribosomes.

  4. Smooth ER acts as a storage site for calcium in skeletal muscle cells.

  5. Smooth ER contains enzymes that detoxify a wide variety of organic molecules in the cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Rough ER contains ribosomes on it, which transports the proteins, but smooth ER does not contain ribosomes on it.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of cell wall?

  1. It provides rigidity to the cell.

  2. It gives shape to the cell.

  3. It checks the entry of certain solutes.

  4. It provides protection to the cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall is freely permeable and does not regulate the entry of certain solutes.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the function of pili in bacteria?

  1. It protects the cell against adverse environmental conditions.

  2. It assists the cell in attaching to the other surfaces.

  3. It helps in movement of the cell.

  4. It carries genetic information.

  5. It protects the cell against certain antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pilus (pili) assists the cell in attaching to other surfaces, which is important for genetic recombination.

Multiple choice

The function of an amyloplast is to

  1. absorb water

  2. absorb light

  3. store starch

  4. store fats
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Amyloplasts are specialized plastids that synthesize and store starch granules, which are used as an energy reserve in plant cells. They are particularly abundant in storage organs like potato tubers, cereal endosperm, and roots. The name 'amyloplast' comes from 'amylon' (starch). Water absorption is performed by vacuoles, light absorption by chlorophyll in chloroplasts, and fat storage by elaioplasts.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of areolar tissue?

  1. It acts as a supporting and packing tissue between the organs lying in the body cavity.

  2. It helps in the repair of tissues after an injury.

  3. It provides support and flexibility to the body parts.

  4. It helps in combating foreign toxins.

  5. It fixes skin to the underlying muscles.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this is not a function of areolar tissue. To provide support and flexibility to the body parts is a function of cartilage.