Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice

The fact that fraternal twins are more similar in intelligence than ordinary siblings suggests the importance of

  1. common hereditary factors

  2. common environmental factors

  3. genetic effects

  4. effects of intrauterine environment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fraternal twins share the same genetic relatedness (50%) as ordinary siblings, yet they show greater similarity in intelligence. This indicates that factors beyond genetics contribute to intelligence - specifically, the shared environment they experience both in the womb and growing up together. Common environmental factors like prenatal conditions, family upbringing, and similar life experiences play a crucial role.

Multiple choice

The best summary statement regarding the role of heredity on human intelligence is that

  1. heredity may impose upper limits on intelligence

  2. heredity may impose lower limits on intelligence

  3. intelligence is almost completely related to genetic inheritance

  4. the similarity in IQ scores among maternal relatives is greater than that among paternal relatives
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Heredity sets potential upper bounds on intelligence, but environment determines where within those bounds an individual falls. This reflects the nature-nurture interaction. Neither heredity nor environment alone determines intelligence - it's their interplay.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not the function of telomere?

  1. It decides the number of cell divisions.

  2. It controls the process of ageing.

  3. It secretes telomerase enzyme.

  4. It helps in recombination.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The function of telomere is to decides the number of cell divisions, controls the process of ageing and secretes telomerase enzyme. Recombination is not its function.

Multiple choice

Thymosin plays an important role in

P. differentiation of T-lymphocytes Q. production of antibodies R. reabsorption of calcium ions by renal tubules S. conversion of glucose to glycogen

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. P and S

  4. Q and R

  5. Q and S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct because thymosin is secreted by the thymus gland. Thymosins play a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity. In addition, thymosins also promote production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity.

Multiple choice

Which of the following functions is not performed by blood in our body?

  1. Transport of chemical messengers

  2. Conversion of food into fuel for body's cells

  3. Transports nutrients and oxygen to different parts of the body

  4. Helps to maintain a constant body temperature

  5. Protects our body from the disease carrying germs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is the function of pancreas in our body. All other functions are performed by blood in human body.

Multiple choice

The level of calcium in the blood is regulated because

  1. extra calcium calcifies the bones, which thus become brittle and are likely to get cracks

  2. extra calcium gets deposited in the blood vessels and thus, clogs them

  3. it is crucial for blood clotting

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Calcium is necesary for clotting of blood. 

Multiple choice

The rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a vital role in multiple functions of the cell. Which among the following can be excluded from the functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  1. Manufacture of lysosomal enzymes

  2. Manufacture of secreted proteins

  3. N-linked glycosylation

  4. Folding of protein molecules in sacs

  5. Protein sorting pathway
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

Multiple choice

Water plays a vital role in the body's system. Which of the following is not a role of water?

  1. It helps our body to absorb nutrients from food.

  2. It transports nutrients throughout the body.

  3. It collects wastes from different parts of the body and removes them from the body in the form of urine and sweat.

  4. It helps to keep the body warm.

  5. It cools the body when sweat is evaporated from the skin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fat helps to keep the body warm. It is a role of fat in the body’s system. It is not a role of water in the body’s system. Hence, it is the correct answer.

Multiple choice

What is/are the function(s) of blood?

  1. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

  2. Transport of nutrients and waste products

  3. Regulation and maintenance of temperature and pH

  4. Defence against diseases

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Blood performs all of the above functions.