Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which one acts as physiological barrier to entry of microorganisms in human body

  1. Monocytes

  2. Skin

  3. Epithelium of urinogenital tract

  4. Tears
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Physiological barriers to the entry of microorganisms in the human body are tears in eyes, saliva in mouth and HCl in the stomach.
  • The enzymes lysozymes are found in tears and saliva inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan present in the cell wall of microorganisms especially eubacteria.
  • Hence Tears acts as the physiological barrier to entry of microorganisms in the human body.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Tears'.
Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Movement in body are brought about by?

  1. Muscular tissue

  2. Epithelial tissue

  3. Bones

  4. Tendon and ligaments
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The main function of the muscular system is movement. Muscles are the only tissue in the body that has the ability to contract and therefore move the other parts of the body & the maintenance of the body posture & body position.

So, the correct option is 'Muscular tissue'.

Multiple choice zoology tissue level of organisation muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Which is true of contractile tissue of sphincter?
$1.$ Mesodermal
$2$. Contain stretch receptors
$3$. Rhythmicity
$4$. Indefatigible.

  1. All the four
  2. Only $1, 2$ and $3$
  3. Only $1, 2$ and $4$
  4. Only $1, 3$ and $4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sphincter muscles are typically smooth muscles (mesodermal), contain stretch receptors to regulate tone, and exhibit rhythmicity in some cases (like the pyloric sphincter). They are generally not indefatigable; like other muscles, they can fatigue.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Involuntary muscle fibres are unique of

  1. Diaphragm; eye muscles; intercostal muscle

  2. Urinary bladder; blood vessels

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Involuntary muscles are those, which are not under our control. Diaphragm muscles are internal muscle, that divides the thorax and the abdomen and are involuntary. The walls of large organs like stomach, intestines, uterus and urinary bladder are involuntary.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Both (A) and (B)'.

Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue muscle tissue structure of protein muscle tissues

Which one of these muscles tires out easily?

  1. Cardiac

  2. Unstriated

  3. Striated

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Skeletal muscle fiber or striated muscles are characterized as fast or slow based on their activity patterns. Fast, also called white muscle fibers, contract rapidly, have poor blood supply, operate without oxygen and tire quickly.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Striated'.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Function of sympathetic nervous system is to

  1. Decrease heart beat

  2. Increase heart beat

  3. Contract respiratory organ

  4. Secrete saliva
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system deals with the response to stress and danger, releasing epinephrines (adrenaline), and in general, increasing activity and metabolic rate. So, due to sympathetic stimulation, heart rate increases, to provide body more and more oxygen and nutrients.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Cutaneous plexus and papillary plexus consist of

  1. A network of arteries providing dermal supply

  2. Network of nerves providing dermal sensation

  3. Specialized cells for cutaneous sensation

  4. Gland cells that release cutaneous secretion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Cutaneous plexus is a network of arteries present along the border of hypodermis. These arteries supply blood to the fatty tissue of the hypodermis and deep parts of dermal layer including capillaries of hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Papillary plexus is another network of small arteries which supply blood to the dermal layer.
So, the correct answer is 'A network of arteries providing dermal supply'.
Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Choose the functions of sympathetic nervous system

  1. Constricts bronchi and pupil of eye

  2. Increases heart rate, relaxes bronchi

  3. Decreases heart rate, increases peristalsis

  4. Dilates blood vessels, stimulates salivary secretions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle to facilitate increased oxygen intake during the fight or flight response.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Which one feature is correctly described?

  1. Salivary glands - secretes saliva - replication

  2. Pupil of the eyes - dilate - constricts- regulates entry of light

  3. Heart rate - decreases - tachycardia

  4. Intestinal peristalsis - stimulates - inhibits - heart rate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pupil is a hole or opening in the middle of the iris. Iris is the coloured part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil (contraction and dilation). Salivary glands are associated with digestion while intestinal peristalsis moves the food through the intestine. Tachycardia refers to the presence of faster heart beat. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

The main functions of sympathetic nervous system are

  1. The contraction of skin blood vessels and sudden increase of blood pressure

  2. Contraction of muscles, secretion of sweat glands and rapid coagulation of blood

  3. Dilation of bronchi, contraction of heart and sudden decrease in the number of RBC in the blood

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

During the initial activation of the sympathetic system, norepinephrine gets released first as a preparatory hormone. This gets the body ready for the first stages of the emergency event. 

First, blood flow will increase to all essential tissues. This includes increased blood flow to the skeletal muscle, which will be needed to escape the situation and/or fight off the threat. 
Secondly, more oxygen will be needed to produce ATP (energy), so breathing rates will increase. 
Finally, glycogen, which is a storage form of glucose, will be broken down so that glucose molecules can be used for energy. These are the primary responses that will take place in the body when the sympathetic nervous system is activated.

Multiple choice biology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

The main function of white blood cells in the body is to

  1. Carry oxygen

  2. Help in clot formation

  3. Produce more red cells

  4. Protect body against diseases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

White blood cells or WBCs are also called leukocytes. They are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All leukocytes are produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Cranial nerves carries taste information from

  1. Tongue

  2. Palate

  3. Epiglottis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The taste receptors are located around the small structures known as papillae found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper oesophagus, the cheek, and epiglottis.
  • The cranial nerves innervate these sites and carry taste information to the brain.
  • Hence Cranial nerves carry taste information from Tongue, Palate and Epiglottis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Which of the following is the function of taste receptors?

  1. Identify toxins

  2. Enhance the diet

  3. Maintain nutrition

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The sense of taste is stimulated when nutrients or other chemical compounds activate specialized receptor cells within the oral cavity.
  •  Taste helps us decide what to eat and influences how efficiently we digest these foods. 
  • They would have used their sense of taste to identify nutritious food items. Hence,  the function of taste receptors is to Enhance the diet.
So, the correct answer is to 'Enhance the diet'.

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Which of the following helps in sensation of taste?

  1. Taste receptors

  2. Olfactory receptors

  3. Auditory receptors

  4. Flavour receptors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • A taste receptor is a type of receptor which facilitates the sensation of taste. These receptors are of four types.
  •  When food or other substances enter the mouth, molecules interact with saliva and are bound to taste receptors in the oral cavity and other locations. Hence, Taste receptors help in the sensation of taste.
So, the correct answer is 'Taste receptors'.


Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Taste receptors are present over 

  1. Taste buds

  2. Membrane

  3. Dermis

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Specific chemicals in solution pass into the taste bud through the taste pore to come in contact with the protein receptor sites on the microvilli of the gustatory receptor cells. The latter set up nerve impulses in the sensory nerve fibres. The nerve fibres transmit the impulses to the taste centre in the brain where the sensation of taste arises. The facial nerve serves the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the glossopharyngeal nerve serves the posterior one-third of the tongue. Sweet taste is on the tip of the tongue, salt taste is on the sides and tips of the tongue, sour taste is on the sides of the tongue and bitter taste is on the base of the tongue. Therefore, the taste receptors are present over the taste buds for the sensation.
So, the correct answer is 'Taste buds'.