Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice properties of enzyme enzyme properties enzymes biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells biology

As the water evaporates from the skin of a swimmer who has just left a pool, the swimmer begins to shiver and goose bumps form on his skin. As the blood vessels under his skin move more internally, the goose bumps that form and the shivering are reactions to counteract the lowering of body temperature. After the swimmer has dried off the shivering stops and his body temperature returns to normal. This is an example of

  1. Product inhibition

  2. Disequilibrium

  3. A negative feedback mechanism

  4. A positive feedback mechanism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When there is a drop in body temperature due to a drop in environmental temperature. The sensory receptors on the skin sends signal to the hypothalamus, which increases the body temperature by causing vasoconstriction and prevents blood from flowing closer to the skin, this also causes piloerection or goosebumps, this is to conserve energy and raise the body temperature. Once the swimmer has dried himself  the thermosensors of the skin send a feed back of temperature returning to normal to the hypothalamus and the shivering is stopped. This is called negative feedback mechanism.

So, the correct answer is 'A negative feedback mechanism'

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation occur due to deficiency of 

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Noradrenaline

  3. Parathormone

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. A deficiency of parathormone causes deficiency of calcium in blood. Calcium plays an important role in blood coagulation as aggregation of platelets and formation of fibrin fibres at the wound site require calcium.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.
Multiple choice biology multicellular structure: tissue defense mechanism in plants epidermal tissue system kinds of plant tissue permanent tissues and their types

The function of hypodermis is

  1. Protection

  2. Hardness

  3. Support

  4. Storage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hypodermis lies below the epidermis. These cells are sometimes modified to give additional structural support or to store food materials or water. Since its cell walls are heavily suberized and impermeable to water its apparent function is to keep the water and nutrients from leaking out through the cortex. The hypodermis is especially well developed in plants of arid regions and in those with shallow root systems. It also deters the entrance of soil microorganisms. So, the function of hypodermis is support and not storage, hardness or protection. Thus, option C is correct.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human blood clotting platelets and their function defence against infectious disease

Blood platelets occur in the blood of ____________.

  1. Birds

  2. Mammals

  3. Reptiles

  4. Amphibians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Only mammals have platelets, tiny cells without nuclei that are responsible for plugging the leaks in the blood vessels. Other animals use more conventional systems of hemostasis. Some marine invertebrates have a single type of blood cell, responsible for hemostasis, but also for other types of defences. Non-mammalian vertebrates have specialized nucleated thrombocytes to do the job.


So, the correct answer is 'Mammals'.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human blood clotting platelets and their function defence against infectious disease

Formation of platelets is known as

  1. Haemopoiesis

  2. Thrombopoiesis

  3. Haemolysis

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Platelets or thrombocytes are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow). Formation of platelets by fragmentation of megakaryocytes in bone marrow is known as thrombopoiesis.

So, the correct answer is 'Thrombopoiesis'.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human blood clotting platelets and their function defence against infectious disease

Interstitial fluid resembles

  1. Fresh water

  2. Ground water

  3. Sea water

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds cells in the body. It is often compared to ground water because it fills the spaces between cells, similar to how ground water fills the spaces between soil particles.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human blood clotting platelets and their function defence against infectious disease

Tooth extraction in a person causes death due to excessive bleeding. This is because of

  1. Absence of prothrombin

  2. Presence of plasma factor that causes haemorrhage

  3. Presence of plasma factor that prevents blood clotting

  4. Absence of plasma factor required for haemorrhage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prothrombin is a glycoprotein occurring in blood plasma and is an essential component of the blood-clotting mechanism. Prothrombin is transformed into thrombin by a clotting factor known as factor X or prothrombinase; thrombin then acts to transform fibrinogen, also present in plasma, into fibrin, which, in combination with platelets from the blood, forms a clot (coagulation). Under normal circumstances, prothrombin is changed into thrombin only when an injury occurs to the tissues or circulatory system or both; therefore, fibrin and blood clots are not formed except in response to bleeding. Hypoprothrombinemia, a deficiency in prothrombin, is characterized by a tendency to prolonged bleeding. It is usually associated with a lack of vitamin K, which is necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver cells. 

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Proprioreceptors are found in

  1. Sole of feet

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Hypothalamus

  4. Medulla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Proprioreceptors are the receptors sensitive to internal stimuli. The stimulus is received within the body. These respond to position and movement. They are considered as sixth sense of body. Such receptors can be found in sole of feet as they respond to change in position of body.
So, the correct answer is 'Sole of feet'.
Multiple choice biology skeleton - movement and locomotion gait of animals basics of joints joints and type of joints skeleton, joints and muscles

Major constituent of human body is

  1. Skeleton

  2. Muscles

  3. Connective tissue

  4. Extracellular fluid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • A skeleton is the hard structure that protects the internal organs of a living thing. 
  • Skeletons can be inside the body or outside the body. 
  • In mammals, which include humans, the skeleton is made of bones. 
  • All the bones, when they are joined together, make the "skeletal system" of a body. Hence, the major constituent of the human body is a skeleton.
So, the correct answer is 'skeleton'.

Multiple choice biology skeleton - movement and locomotion gait of animals basics of joints joints and type of joints skeleton, joints and muscles

Which is not the function of bones?

  1. Protection of vital organs

  2. Haemopoiesis

  3. Muscle attachment

  4. Secretion of hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The endocrine glands in the body such as a pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid and etc secrete various hormones in the body. The bones cannot secrete hormones as they lack glands to produce and secrete hormones. It helps in protection of vital organs, haemopoiesis, and muscle attachment.

So, the correct answer is 'Secretion of hormones'.

Multiple choice biology skeleton - movement and locomotion gait of animals basics of joints joints and type of joints skeleton, joints and muscles

The function of skeleton in the vertebrates is/are

  1. Support

  2. Hearing

  3. Sound production

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The skeleton is the structural framework of the body. Our skeleton system contains 206 bones. Its main function is to support muscles and tissues. It also protects the vital organs, allows movement of bones and muscles and serves as the storage house for immature blood cells and minerals.

So, the correct option is A.

Multiple choice biology transport in animals cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle human heart

In which the following has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli? 

  1. Sino-atrial node(SAN)

  2. Atrio-ventricular node (AVN)

  3. Purkinje fibers

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sino-atrial node(SAN)  is known as a pacemaker and has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli. 

Multiple choice biology respiration in organism human respiration the mechanism of breathing breathing and its movements

During running or cycling ,Which of the following organs have to increase their activity

  1. Heart

  2. Lungs

  3. Both (1) and (2)

  4. Kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During any physical exercise such as running or cycling the two vital organs of our body heart and lungs come into action since lung try to bring oxygen into the body to provide energy and side by side removing carbon dioxide formed by strenuous physical activity. While the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to skeletal muscle undergoing physical exercise to meet their metabolic requirements.

Thus, the correct answer is  'Both (1)-Heart and (2)-Lungs'.

Multiple choice biology body movements basics of joints joints and type of joints skeleton, joints and muscles

Major functions of skeleton are

  1. Support

  2. Protection

  3. Storage of ions

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The skeleton serves a number of functions in vertebrates:

(1) The skeleton forms a rigid framework, which gives support to the body against gravity.
(2) The skeleton encloses the more vital organs of the body to protect them from injury.
(3) Bones contain deposits of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. These may be released into the blood if needed for use elsewhere in the body, but are later replaced. This helps in regulating calcium and phosphorus level of blood. 
So, the correct answer is option D.