Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes protista protozoa five kingdoms of living organisms

The main function of the contractile vacuole is

  1. Synthesis of carbohydrate

  2. Eliminating excess water

  3. To be a photoreceptor to detect light

  4. Resistance for survival during winter and times of drought
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The contractile vacuole is a structure found in many marine organisms. It functions as an organelle to eliminate the excess water which may have stored in the cell because of osmotic conditions.

so, the correct option is 'eliminating excess water'

Multiple choice biology coordination generation and conduction of nerve impulse generation of nerve impulse neurons and synapses

Primary function of myelin sheath around vertebrate axon is to

  1. Regulate Na-K pump

  2. Increase in size of action potential

  3. Increase in speed of conduction by preventing leakage of nerve impulse

  4. Deactivate the release of neurotransmitter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The myelin sheath acts as an electrical insulator, preventing ion leakage and allowing saltatory conduction, which significantly increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

 ............. is a self-tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual.

  1. Autograft

  2. Isograft

  3. Xenograft

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An autograft involves transferring tissue from one site to another within the same individual, ensuring genetic identity and preventing rejection. Isografts occur between genetically identical individuals, while xenografts occur between different species.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Consider the following four statements (A -D) regarding kidney transplant and select the two options that are true

(A) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immuno-suppresants for a long time.

(B) The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.

(C) The B - lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft.

(D) The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons.

The two correct statements are

  1. (A) and (B)

  2. (B) and (C)

  3. (C) and (D)

  4. (A) and (D)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunosuppressants are drugs/medicines that lower the immune system's ability to reject a transplanted organ. Even though the transplant is proper, it is always advised to continue taking immunosuppressant medication.
But when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system and destroys the transplanted tissue is called as graft rejection. Lymphocytes of specific cell-mediated immunity (T-cells) are responsible for graft rejection.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

In tissue typing for organ transplant, which of the following is matched?

  1. HLA proteins

  2. HLA alleles

  3. Human leucocyte antigens

  4. Haplotypes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans. These cell-surface proteins are responsible for the regulation of the immune system in humans. Tissue typing is a group of procedures that determine the type of histocompatibility antigens on a person's cells or tissues. This procedure is typically used prior to transplantation of tissues or organs. In tissue typing HLA (human leucocyte antigen) are matched.

So, the correct answer is 'Human leucocyte antigens'.

Multiple choice muscle contraction locomotion and movements biology

Which response to overcooling does not involve muscle contraction?

  1. Blood vessels narrowing

  2. Hairs standing up

  3. Shivering

  4. Reduced sweating
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In response to over-cooling, 

muscles allow blood vessels narrowing(circular muscles), piloerection(hair standing up by erector pili muscles), and shivering.
Reduced sweating does not involve muscle contraction or relaxation.
So, the correct answer is 'Reduced sweating'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Cytosol plays an important role in

  1. Digestion

  2. Reproduction

  3. Breakdown of large molecules

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cytosol is also called as cytoplasm in a cell which holds the organelles. It consists several enzymes for different activities such as glycolysis. Glycolysis is the breakdown of large molecule glucose to simple molecule pyruvate. uses its dissolved enzymes to break down all of those larger molecules. The products can then be used by the mitochondria for the formation of energy.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

The lost portion of the liver is regenerated by 

  1. Reparative regeneration

  2. Compensatory hypertrophy

  3. Heteromorphic regeneration

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The liver is the only internal organ that can regenerate itself.
  • Hepatocytes are the liver cells that are responsible for the liver's ability to regenerate; they act as stem cells that can re-form liver tissue. The liver can regenerate after either surgical removal or after chemical injury. It is known that as little as 25% of the original liver mass can regenerate back to its full size.
  • The lost portion of dissected liver regenerates by Compensatory hypertrophy i.e The growth which is a result of increased cell size.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Compensatory hypertrophy'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

During constructive metabolism or regeneration

  1. pH becomes normal

  2. R.Q. increases

  3. Lactic acid decreases

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The process of storing energy in order for the body to maintain itself and grow is referred to as constructive metabolism or anabolism.
Anabolism is the synthesis process which requires energy (ATP). To gain energy, the cell undergoes glycolysis. As a result of glycolysis, there is decrease in the production of lactic acid and also RQ increases. RQ is the respiratory quotient which is calculated as:
RQ = (Volume of carbon dioxide released/ Volume of oxygen consumed)/ per unit time.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

The lost portion of dissected liver regenerates. It is an example of 

  1. Reparative regeneration

  2. Restorative regeneration

  3. Compensatory hypertrophy

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The liver is the only internal organ that can regenerate itself.
  • Hepatocytes are the liver cells that are responsible for the liver's ability to regenerate; they act as stem cells that can re-form liver tissue.
  • The lost portion of dissected liver regenerates. It is an example of Compensatory hypertrophy i.e The growth which is a result of increased cell size.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Compensatory hypertrophy'.
Multiple choice development of plants plant growth growth and development plant growth and development biology

Degrowth takes place when 

  1. Anabolism is higher than catabolism

  2. Catabolism is higher than anabolism

  3. Protoplasmic synthesis is more than apoplasmatic synthesis

  4. Apoplasmatic synthesis is more than protoplasmic synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Growth is the net sum of two processes i.e., Anabolism( synthesis) and Catabolism(breakdown).
So, if Anabolism>Catabolism then the tissue will show growth.
If, Catabolism > Anabolism then the tissue will show degrowth.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B- Catabolism is higher than anabolism'.