Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Goblet cells are abundant in

  1. Large intestine

  2. Small intestine

  3. Ileum

  4. Stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The wall of the large intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelium. Instead of having the evaginations of the small intestine (villi), the large intestine has invaginations (the intestinal glands). While both the small intestine and the large intestine have goblet cells, they are abundant in the large intestine. 

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by ________________.

  1. Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells

  2. Macula densa cells

  3. Endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)

  4. Liver cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Angiotensinogen is a αα - globulin protein produced by liver cells. Renin changes angiotensinogen to angiotensin II (hormone) in response to fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood volume. 

Multiple choice parts of the digestive system digestive system of human human digestive system digestion and absorption biology nutrition deficiency diseases digestive system

Read the given statements and select the option that correctly identifies them as true or false
1) Insulin has no effect on absorption of glucose from gastrointestinal tract
2) Fat absorption is greatest in the upper part of the small intestine
3) most vitamins are absorbed in the ileum

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
1) Insulin has no effect on the absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract as it increases the amount of glucose absorption when its concentration increase in blood.
2) Fat absorption is greatest in the upper part of the small intestine because in duodenum bile emulsifies it and form micelles which are absorbed form.
3) Most vitamins are absorbed in the ileum.
So the correct option is 'True'.
Multiple choice parts of the digestive system digestive system of human human digestive system digestion and absorption biology nutrition deficiency diseases digestive system

Chief function of HCl is ________

  1. To maintain a low pH to promote growth of microorganism

  2. To facilitate absorption

  3. To maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin

  4. To dissolve enzyme secreted in stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The chief function of HCl in the stomatch is to maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin. HCl converts inactive pepsinogen into the active pepsin enzyme. The pepsin helps in the breaking down proteins in the stomach. HCl also kills bacteria that enter the stomach. It also helps in digestion of  other foods in the stomach.

Thus, the correct answer is 'To maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.'

Multiple choice parts of the digestive system digestive system of human human digestive system digestion and absorption biology nutrition deficiency diseases digestive system

Which of these will leave the stomach first in man?

  1. Beer

  2. Proteins

  3. Fats

  4. Carbohydrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Only some chemicals medicines and alcohol are absorbed in oro pharyngeal cavity. In the stomach, absorption of water, some salts, alcohol and glucose takes place, complete absorption of alcohol takes place in the stomach. Thus, carbohydrates, proteins and fats will remain in alimentary canal for complete digestion and when broken down completely in small intestine then only they will be absorbed in the intestine but beer will not be digested in alimentary canal and directly absorbed in the stomach.

Multiple choice parts of the digestive system digestive system of human human digestive system digestion and absorption biology nutrition deficiency diseases digestive system

A man sits down to eat a large steak. Concerned about heartburn, he takes several antacid tablets before eating so as to neutralize his stomach acid.
Which of the following may result from this action?

  1. Increased chemical digestion of the protein in the steak by the stomach.

  2. Decreased absorption of the protein in the steak by the small intestines.

  3. An increase in the peristaltic actions of the mans digestive tract.

  4. Increased urine production by the man's kidneys.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Digestion typically begins in the stomach when pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by the action of hydrochloric acid. And continued by trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine. 
  • Before the absorption in the small intestine, most proteins are already reduced to single amino acid or peptides of several amino acids. Hence, he takes several antacid tablets before eating so as to neutralize his stomach acid.
So, the correct answer is 'Decreased absorption of the protein in the steak by the small intestines'.
Multiple choice parts of the digestive system digestive system of human human digestive system digestion and absorption biology nutrition deficiency diseases digestive system

Which gastric secretion is correctly matched with its source

  1. Pepsin Chief cells

  2. Chymotrypsin Parietal cells

  3. HCl Goblet cells

  4. Mucus Oxyntic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Chief cells (or zymogenic cells) in the gastric glands secrete pepsinogen, which is the inactive precursor to pepsin.

Multiple choice physics the kinetic model of matter evaporation heat, internal energy and work phase change

A dog pants with its tongue sticking out on a hot day. Which of the following is the correct reason?

  1. It is its habit

  2. Producing more saliva cools down the body temperature.

  3. Saliva vapourises, cooling the tongue

  4. It is a genetic disease found in few animals like dogs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Evaporation causes cooling.
A dog pants with its tongue sticking out on a hot day because its saliva vapourises, cooling the tongue.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

Which of the following factors would cause an increased volume of urine production in a man?

  1. A humid day

  2. More intake of water than usual

  3. Drinking a large quantity of strong salt water

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

On a humid day the water loss due to sweating will be less. If a man consumed large amounts of water or salt then the body will try to excrete out extra water and salt by increasing the urine output. In this condition the amount of ADH secretion is low and the water reabsorption in the DCT is low, making the urine hypotonic.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

Why do we pass more urine in wet and cold season?

  1. Impairment of water absorption by nephrons.

  2. Kidney becomes more active.

  3. Sweating is much decreased.

  4. ADH secretion is increased.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When the weather is hot, our body system tries to keep our body cool by evaporating the water along with unwanted things (sweating) through the skin in the form of perspiration. So, skin helps the kidney by sharing its work of cleaning the body in hot weather. In cold conditions, as sweating is much decreased, there is no perspiration and the kidney has to bear the entire burden of excretion and hence we urinate frequently.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

This is diagnose by the presence of a type of IgM

  1. Osteoporosis

  2. Gout

  3. Osteoarthritis

  4. Rheumatoid arthritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the joints. A common diagnostic marker is the presence of rheumatoid factor, which is typically an IgM antibody.

Multiple choice biology transport in plant transport of water and minerals conduction of water and minerals absorption of water and minerals in plants

Death of protoplasm is a pre-requisite for a vital function like

  1. Transport of sap

  2. Transport of food

  3. Absorption of water

  4. Gaseous exchange
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Hollow space is needed to allow water to pass. Hence the cells have to be empty thus dead for that. As water gets transported to the upper part of the plant, more water is absorbed.

So, the correct option is 'Absorption of water'