Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Primary function of sweat glands is

  1. Thermoregulation

  2. Excretion

  3. Osmoregulation

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sweat glands are coiled and tubular in structure. Coiled part of this gland is called as secretory unit. Around secretory unit, myoepithelial cells are present. When they contract sweat comes out from sweat gland. This secretion is called as sweat. 

In sweat more than 99% is water and in rest part urea, uric acid ammonium chloride and sodium chloride salts are present. In sweat lysozyme is also present, which destroys bacteria. 
Smell in sweat is due to presence of fatty substances. Evaporation of sweat requires a lot of heat. Thus, evaporation of sweat brings down the temperature. This is an important thermo-regulatory adaptation in terrestrial vertebrates.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following produces erythropoietin?

  1. Kidney

  2. Pancreas

  3. Pineal gland

  4. Thyroid gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidney that leads to the formation of red blood cells (RBC) in the bone marrow. Its major function is to enable the differentiation and development of red blood cells and to initiate the production of hemoglobin. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which one produces erythropoietin?

  1. Kidney

  2. Pancreas

  3. Pineal body

  4. Thyroid gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Erythropoietin is a  peptide hormone produced primarily by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
  • Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
  • The resulting rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hence, the kidney produces erythropoietin.
So, the correct answer is 'kidney'.
Multiple choice biology cell and cell organelles cell membrane and cell wall cell wall cell division in embryo development

The main function of the cell membrane is to:

  1. Provide support

  2. Maintain the cell shape and size

  3. Regulate the flow of materials into and outside the cell

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier that regulates the transport of materials, provides structural integrity, and maintains the internal environment of the cell. All listed functions are primary roles of the plasma membrane.

Multiple choice biology photosynthesis and respiration experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
With the increase in temperature, the respiratory rate will

  1. decrease slowly

  2. decrease rapidly

  3. increase

  4. remain unaffected
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy also increases and this increases the rate of reactions. Due to this the rate of cellular respiration also increases. So, the correct option is 'increase'.

Multiple choice evs a treat for mosquito anaemia mosquito and human health diseases caused by mosquitoes non communicable diseases

What is the role of iron in blood?

  1. It helps to transport oxygen.

  2. It helps transport nutrients.

  3. It gives the red colour to the blood.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  •  Iron is an essential element for blood production. 
  • About 70 per cent of your body's iron is found in the red blood cells of your blood called haemoglobin and in muscle cells called myoglobin.
  •  Haemoglobin is essential for transferring oxygen in your blood from the lungs to the tissues. Hence, the role of iron in the blood is that it helps to transport oxygen. 
So, the correct answer is 'It helps to transport oxygen'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry lipids functions of lipids biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells biochemistry

Biological function of lipids is/are

  1. Source of energy

  2. Insulating material

  3. Maintenance of cellular integrity with other macromolecules

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fats are an important class of biomolecules.They are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen where the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is less than that of water. Lipids are a concentrated source of energy and serve for long term energy storage in body of animals and plants. Their respiratory quotient is less than one. Approximately 9 calories are provided by one gram of fat as compared to 4 by carbohydrates. Fats also act as insulating material because they are poor conductors of heat. Most of the animals have a layer of fat below the skin acting as insulating material. Lipids also serve as structural biomolecules for example conjugate lipid molecules like phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids etc.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry lipids functions of lipids biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells biochemistry

Which of the following is the function of lipids?

  1. Regulation of membrane permeability

  2. Regulation of fluidity of membranes

  3. Electrical insulation to nerve fibre

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lipids are broken down in the digestive tract to form fatty acids and cholesterol. Fatty acids and cholesterol are key components of cell membranes that regulate its fluidity and permeability. Lipids of the nervous system are localized in myelin sheaths thereby providing electrical insulation. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Choose the correct option among the following.

Column A Column B
A. Epinephrine (i) Stimulates in muscle growth
B. Testosterone (ii) Decrease in blood pressure
C. Glucagon (iii) Breakdown of liver glycogen
D. Atrial natriuretic factor (iv) Increases heart beat

  1. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)

  3. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  4. A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A. Role of epinephrine and non- epinephrine- They whip up metabolism for preparing the animal to face special conditions created by physical stress such as fall in BP or blood sugar, anger, fear etc..All these conditions require more energy which is provided by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, sugar level of blood.

B. Testosterone- It stimulates the development of male accessory sex characters such as hair on the face, growth and distribution of hair on the body, stronger bones and muscles.
C. Glucagon- It is secreted by alpha cells of the islands of Langerhans in response to a fall in the blood glucose level. It brings about change of liver glycogen to blood glucose( glycogenolysis).
D. Atrial natriuretic factor- The cells, called cardiocytes, of the atria secrete a peptide, ANF in response to an increased return of the venous blood. This hormone regulates the blood volume through increased excretion of ions and water.
So, the correct answer is 'A-(iv), B-(1), C-(iii), D-(ii)'.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following match is correct?

  1. Hormone-Oxytocin, Effect-Milk ejection hormone

  2. Hormone-Glucagon, Effect-Decreases blood sugar level

  3. Hormone-Adrenaline, Effect-Decreases heart rate

  4. Hormone-Thyroxine, Effect-Decreases BMR
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oxytocin- Milk ejection hormone
Glucagon- Increases blood sugar level
Adrenaline- Increases heart rate
Thyroxine- Increases BMR.

Multiple choice zoology coordination introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

What is the main function of endocrinal system in animals?

  1. Coordination

  2. Combination

  3. Regulatory

  4. None of the given
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The function of endocrine glands in animals is to regulate chemical coordination. These glands secrete chemicals called hormones. 

So, the correct option is 'Coordination'.

Multiple choice general knowledge our skeletal system and the skin other systems in the body introduction to skeletal system busy at work - our internal organs

Absorption of water in the human body can be found in 
1) renal tubule in kidney
2) hepatic cells in liver
3) large intestine
4) pancreatic duct
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

  1. 1 , 2 and 3

  2. 1 and 3

  3. 2 and 4

  4. Only 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

While water is reabsorbed in the renal tubules of the kidney, the question asks where absorption of water in the human body can be found. The large intestine is the primary site for water absorption from undigested food residue. Renal tubules are involved in reabsorption, but the large intestine is the standard answer for water absorption in the digestive context.

Multiple choice biology our skeletal system and the skin other systems in the body introduction to skeletal system busy at work - our internal organs

Which of the following is not a function of skeletal system?

  1. Production of eythrocytes

  2. Storage of minerals

  3. Production of body heat

  4. Locomotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones, as well as a network of tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects them.
  •  The skeleton serves six major functions: support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals and endocrine regulation. Hence, Production of body heat is not a function of the skeletal system.
 So, the correct answer is 'Production of body heat

Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs other systems in the body introduction to skeletal system our skeletal system and the skin

Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton system?

  1. Production of erythrocytes

  2. Storage of minerals

  3. Production of body heat

  4. Locomotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Skeletal system is the articulation bones to give perfect shape to the body. They help in locomotion by attaching with muscles. 

Bones are made up of minerals like Ca++ and po4-. So they act as store house of minerals. 
Bones have bone marrow which contain stem cells. Stem cells are the precursors of blood form cells like RBC, WBC and platelets,
Skeletal system doesn't play any role in production of heat. Heat production is regulated by metabolic processes. 
So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues introduction to tissue tissues - "the teams of workers" introduction to tissues

We do not sense any pain when we clip our nails or cut our hair. Why?

  1. They are made up of dead cells.

  2. These parts are senseless.

  3. They are very strong to tolerate pain.

  4. None of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Hairs and nails are made of dead tissues. Only the base of the hair and the base of the nail are living. 
  • The dead tissues are devoid of the nerve supply which acts as messengers to convey the sensation of pain and in their absence, it cannot be perceived by our brain. 

  • Thus, the correct answer is option A.