Biology

Human Physiology and Anatomy

2,235 Questions

Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.

Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions

Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions

Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

In which of the following area is the incision made to transplant a kidney?

  1. Lower abdomen

  2. Upper abdomen

  3. Aortic vein

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In a standard kidney transplant, the donor kidney is placed in the iliac fossa, which is located in the lower abdomen, rather than in the original anatomical position of the kidneys.

Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Isografts are not rejected during a kidney transplant because the donor is 

  1. Genetically identical.

  2. Genetically dissimilar.

  3. Belongs to same species.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Isograft is a tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient who are identical or monozygotic twins. In an isograft transplantation the chances of rejection are near to nil with identical MHCs as they are genetically identical.

So, the correct answer is 'Genetically identical.'

Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The highest genetic variation is seen in which of the following type of the donor for a kidney transplant?

  1. Autograft

  2. Xenograft

  3. Allograft

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A xenograft involves transplanting tissue between different species, which results in the highest level of genetic variation and the most severe immune rejection response compared to autografts or allografts.

Multiple choice biology interdependence of organism and the environment natural cycles and resources constituents of air medicinal use of microorganism

Which of the following is the main function of antibiotic drugs in human body?

  1. Prevention of the growth of bacteria

  2. To control the level of oxygen

  3. To maintain the blood pressure

  4. To control sugar level in blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections. Antibiotic medications are widely used in treatment and prevention. They have an important role in dental antibiotic prophylaxis where their use may prevent. So, the correct option is "A" (Prevention of the growth of bacteria).

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nervous system of man introduction to brain body fluid central nervous system

The function of cerebrospinal fluid does not include

  1. Protection of brain and spinal cord by containing antibody

  2. Protection of delicate brain and spinal cord from shock

  3. As a medium for excretion of waste product

  4. Buoyancy to brain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The primary function of CSF is to cushion the brain within the skull and serve as a shock absorber for the central nervous system. CSF also circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from the blood and removes waste products from the brain.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nervous system of man introduction to brain body fluid central nervous system

The function of cerebrospinal fluid surrounding CNS is to 

  1. Protect the brain from external jerks
  2. Provide nourishment and ${O _2}$ to the brain

  3. Take away unwanted substance from the brain

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acts as a shock absorber to protect the CNS from mechanical injury. It also facilitates the exchange of nutrients and metabolic waste products between the blood and the brain tissue.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nervous system of man introduction to brain body fluid central nervous system

The main function of cerebrospinal fluid is

  1. Nourishment of brain and spinal cord

  2. Functioning as cushion against shocks

  3. Keeping the central nervous system moist

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cavities of the central nervous system are called the ventricles that are lined with the choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is made up of the inserted piamater, blood vessels, the ependymal cells. It is responsible for the formation of the formation of the extracellular fluid called the cerebrospinal fluid which drains the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord. The CSF is responsible for collecting the waste from the interstitial space, distribution of nutrients to the brain and spinal cord, act as shock collector during injuries and moistening of the central nervous system.

Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nervous system of man introduction to brain body fluid central nervous system

The function of choroid plexus is

  1. To produce lymph

  2. To produce blood

  3. To produce cerebrospinal fluid

  4. To produce endolymph
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The choroid plexus is made up of the piamater that is merged into the ventricles, blood capillaries and the ependymal cells that are epithelial cells. The ventricles of the brain contain the choroid plexus. Its function is to produce the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF flows from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space through the Foramen of Magendie and Foramen of Luschka. Here it is absorbed by the arachnoid villi and secreted into the cranial venous sinus. From the cranial venous sinus, the CSF enters the blood circulation.

Hence, the correct answer is 'To produce cerebrospinal fluid'

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients

Functions that are not normally performed by proteins is/are

  1. Hydrolysis for energy provision.

  2. Structural integrity of the cell.

  3. Regulation of metabolism.

  4. Defense mechanisms.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Proteins are the most important and versatile biomolecules in living systems. They are involved in general body-building, catalytic role as enzymes, and body defence in immunological reactions. Energy currency of living systems are usually nucleotides like ATP. They are hydrolysed to provide energy as and when required.

Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

Which of the following is related to the morphological changes during aging?

  1. The number of taste bud decreases.

  2. Decreased rate of cardiovascular functions.

  3. The reduction in the nephron.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ageing is a complex process that varies as to how it affects different people and even different organs. Most gerontologists (people who study aging) feel that aging is due to the interaction of many lifelong influences. These influences include heredity, environment, culture, diet, exercise and leisure, past illnesses, and many other factors.
  • Morphological changes during aging include the number of taste bud decreases, Decreased rate of cardiovascular functions and The reduction in the number of nephrons.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

Most accepted theory of ageing is

  1. Death of brain cells

  2. Non-functioning of a-cells in pancreas

  3. Less RBC in blood

  4. Non-functioning of thymus gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immunity theory is the widely accepted theory for ageing. The immune system is programmed to decline its functions over time, and this fact is the main cause of aging. Thymic involution (shrinking of the thymus with age) is believed to be the main age-related change in the immune system, and this alteration begins after puberty.

So, the correct option is ‘Non functioning of thymus gland’.

Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

"Genes in somatic cells undergo mutation with time and cause senescence. This theory belongs to ________________.

  1. Error and damage theories

  2. Hormonal theory

  3. Immunological theories

  4. Programmed senescence theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. Error and damage theories - emphasize environmental assaults to living organisms that induce cumulative damage at various levels as the cause of aging.

B. Hormonal theory - hormones or reduced production of hormones might cause aging has also led some to believe that they could be an anti-aging elixir. 

C. Immunological theory - asserts that the process of human aging is, in fact, a mild and generalized form of prolonged auto-immune phenomenon.

D. Programmed senescence theory - refers to the idea that senescence in humans and other organisms is purposely caused by evolved biological mechanisms in order to obtain an evolutionary advantage.

So, the correct option is ‘Error and damage theories’.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Choose correct alternative in the following statements:
Function of WBCs is to

  1. Transport oxygen

  2. Help in clotting of blood

  3. Provide immunity

  4. Provide storage of food
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
White blood cells, also known as leucocytes are components of the formed elements of human blood. They are of two categories: agranulocytes and granulocytes. Their major function is to provide immunity.
So, the correct answer is, 'Provide immunity.'