Tag: types of nutrients

A- Human body is majorly composed of proteins, which is important for our existence. Proteins are the main constituents of skin, muscles, organs, bones and nails.

The shape, size, structure and biological functions of proteins are determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids.

One of the important mechanisms of cell communication is through reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins. These reactions are catalysed by kinases and occur through a cascade mechanism.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal world which accounts for 30% of total protein content in the human body. Collagen is a key constituent of all the connective tissues. It is found in joints, bones, skin, hair, etc. This protein helps the skin to move, stretch and rebound into shape. It is present throughout the body and keeps the cells together. Without collagen the body would fall apart into pieces. 

The Bt toxin is encoded by a gene named cry. The protein encode by cry IAb control corn borers.The protein encoded by the genes cry I Ac and cry II Ab control the cotton boll worms.

The numerous permeases that belong to ABC superfamily of proteins is present in number of bacterial cell. The ATP is hydrolysed by these proteins  to transport specific amino acids, sugars, vitamins, or even peptides into the cells. One such permease is galactose permease, which is responsible for transportation of galactose.

Proteins are the most important and versatile biomolecules in living systems. They are involved in general body-building, catalytic role as enzymes, and body defence in immunological reactions. Energy currency of living systems are usually nucleotides like ATP. They are hydrolysed to provide energy as and when required.

Proteomics is the cataloging and analyzing every protein in the human body most proteins differ in their folding manner .