Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice biology diseases and hygiene anaemia mosquito and human health non communicable diseases

Which of the following cell plays an important role in allergy?

  1. $T _K$ cell
  2. $N _K$ cell

  3. Mast cell

  4. Plasma cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mast cells play a central role in IgE-mediated allergic reactions. When an allergen cross-links IgE bound to the surface of mast cells, they undergo degranulation and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. T_K and NK cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and tumor or virus killing.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Which blood group an safely be transfused in emergency when there is no time to analyse the blood group of recipient?

  1. O and $Rh^-$
  2. O and $Rh^+$
  3. B and $Rh^-$
  4. AB and $Rh^+$.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Individuals with type O blood do not produce ABO antigens.  Therefore, their blood normally will not be rejected when it is given to others with different ABO types.  As a result, type O people are universal donors for transfusions, but they can receive only type O blood themselves.

So, the correct option is O and Rh-.'.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

A person with blood group ${B^ + }$ met with an accident and losses a lot of blood.Which pair of individuals can denote blood to him?

  1. $A{B^ + },{B^ + }$
  2. $A{B^ - },{B^ - }$
  3. ${A^ + },{B^ - }$
  4. ${O^ + },{B^ - }$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

B$^{+}$ blood group contain antibody-A and type B antigen. A person with blood group B$^{+}$ can receive blood from B$^{-}$ as due to the presence of same type of antigen in them, there won't be any transfusion reactions. While O$^{+}$ blood group does not contain any type of antibody. 

So, the correct option is 'O$^{+}$, B$^{-}$'.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the principle of safe blood transfusion?

  1. The recipient's serum should not contain antigens against the donor's antibodies.

  2. The donor's red blood corpuscles should not contain antibodies against the recipient's serum.

  3. The recipient's red blood corpuscles should not contain antibodies against the donor's antigen.

  4. The recipient's serum should not contain the antibodies against the red blood corpuscles of the donor.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood into one's circulation intravenously. Antigens are present on the surface of red blood corpuscles, while antibodies are present in the plasma of the blood, for e.g., people with blood group A have surface antigen A on their RBC's and antibodies to antigen B in their plasma. So, when RBC's are donated, transfer of antibodies doesn't take place. But as the RBC's of the donor have a surface antigen, it should be ensured that recipient's serum should not contain antibodies against the antigen on red blood corpuscles of the donor. Otherwise, if transfusion is made between incompatible donor and recipient, the reaction between antigens on the RBC (from the donor) and antibodies in the plasma (of the recipient) will produce clots and clog capillaries. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

RH factor is a term that you will hear in connection with

  1. Blood transfusion

  2. Air pressure

  3. Space travel

  4. Star war
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rhesus (Rh) factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells. If blood lacks the protein called as Rh negative and if present, called as Rh positive . Rh positive is the most common blood type. Having a Rh negative blood type is not an illness and usually, does not affect health. It should be tested before blood transfusion because it can harm the blood cell and other organs due incompatibility of blood. Thus, option A is correct.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Which of the following are the reasons(s) for rheumatoid arthritis? Choose the correct option
(i) Lymphocytes become more active
(ii) Body attacks self cells
(iii) More antibodies are produced in the body
(iv) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self cells is lost

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iv)

  3. (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic pain due to inflammation of the synovial membrane of many joint simultaneously. It usually starts in the small joints in the hand and progressive and centripetal an asymmetric manner.
It involves erosion of the joints. 
The major cause of this the lymphocytes become more active and the body cells lose the ability to differentiate between the self and the foreign cells. The lymphocytes start attacking the body cells.
So, the correct option is '(i) and (ii)'

Multiple choice zoology skeleton and movements disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Myasthenia gravis is an example of

  1. Viral disease

  2. Immunological disease

  3. Autoimmune disease

  4. Allergic reactions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral(autoantibodies)or cell-mediated(by autoreactive T cells) immune response to self-antigens.
  • Myasthenia gravis is caused by an autoantibody against muscle antigen and acetylcholine receptor antigen.
  • Myasthenia gravis is characterized by increased muscular weakness the make one fatigue. speaking, breathing and talking becomes tired some. Hence myasthenia gravis is an example of autoimmune disease.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Autoimmune disease'.
Multiple choice chemistry medicinal chemistry antacids and antihistamines therapeutic action of different classes of drugs ph regulation of the stomach

Histamine is responsible for the nasal congestion associated with common cold and allergic response to pollen.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The pollen triggers these cells in nasal chambers, causing them to release histamine and the other chemicals. Histamine dilates the small blood vessels of the nose and fluids leak out into surrounding tissues causing allergy symptoms.

So, the above statement is true.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Mammals born without a thymus gland fail to manufacture 

  1. B - Lymphocytes

  2. T - Lymphocytes

  3. Plasma cells

  4. Basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Removal of the thymus gland in the adult has little effect, but when the thymus is removed in the newborn, T cells in the blood and lymphoid tissue are depleted and failure of the immune system causes a gradual, fatal wasting disease. 

The animal whose thymus has been removed at birth is less able to reject foreign tissue grafts or to make antibodies to certain antigens. Moreover, certain parts of the white pulp of the spleen and lymph nodes are much reduced in size. Hence, the T cells produced in the thymus and transported to the lymphoid tissues are crucial elements in the development of immunity.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Damage to thymus in a child may lead to

  1. Loss of cell mediated immunity

  2. A reduction in the haemoglobin content in blood

  3. A reduction in the amount of plasma proteins

  4. Loss of antibody mediated immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The thymus gland is an organ in the upper chest cavity, that processes lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, that fights infections in the body. 

The thymus is most important in children and young adults, when it programs lymphocytes to attack antigens, like viruses. 
People who do not have this gland, or in whom it does not function correctly, usually have compromised immune systems and difficulty fighting disease.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

A person without thymus would not be able to

  1. Reject a tissue transplant

  2. Receive a tissue transplant

  3. Develop an inflammatory response

  4. Produce antibodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Thymus gland is a lobular structure which is present on the dorsal side of the heart and aorta. It plays an important role in the development of immune system. It contains lymphoid tissue which is involved in the proliferation and maturation of T-lymphocytes.
Hence, a person without thymus would not be able to reject a tissue transplant because as the immune system won't be developed, there will be no autoimmune response to reject the transplant. The T-lymphocytes which can distinguish between self and non-self, will not be produced. So, the transplant won't get rejected by the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Reject a tissue transplant'.
Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of these is related to the maturation of lymphocytes?

  1. Thymus

  2. Thyroid

  3. Adrenal

  4. Pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
C. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
D. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.
Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Removal or absence of thymus in early life shall bring about

  1. Lack of lymphocytes

  2. Lack of antibodies

  3. Decreased immune response

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It shows maximum development in children during puberty and by the age of 70, it transforms into a tiny structure. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes which are associated with cell mediated immunity. It also promotes production of antibodies that induce humoral immunity.
Hence, lack of thymus gland will result in lack of lymphocytes and antibodies and decreased immune response. Thus, all the options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.