Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following are components of blood?

  1. Plasma

  2. Blood cells and platelets

  3. Gases and other dissolved substances

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The composition of blood is :
1. Blood plasma- 54.3% It contains proteins, amino acids, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients, gases, electrolytes.
2. Red Blood Cells-45%
3. White Blood Cells- 0.7 %
4. Platelets
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice biology food components and nutrition effect on general health growth and development in young people nutrient deficiency diseases

Most harmful anaemia is

  1. Microcytic

  2. Macrocytic

  3. Pernicious

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pernicious anaemia is a type of macrocytic anaemia caused by the inability to absorb vitamin B12, often due to a lack of intrinsic factor. It is considered particularly harmful because it can lead to severe neurological complications if left untreated.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Number of leucocytes in decreasing order in human blood is?

  1. Eosinophils $>$ basophils $>$ neutrophils
  2. Neutrophils $>$ eosinophils $>$ basophils
  3. Basophils $>$ eosinophils $>$ neutrophils
  4. Eosinophils $>$ neutrophils $>$ basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Basophils: 0.5–1.0 percent. Eosinophils: 1–4 percent. Lymphocytes: 20–40 percent. Monocytes: 2–8 percent, Neutrophils: 40% to 60% Lymphocytes: 20% to 40%.


So, the correct answer is 'Neutrophils > eosinophils > basophils'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Find the correct descending order of percentage proportion of leucocytes in human blood.

  1. Neutrophils --> Basophils --> Lymphocytes Acidophils (Eosinophils) -->Monocytes

  2. Monocytes --> Neutrophils --> Lymphocytes --> Acidophils-->Basophils

  3. Neutrophils --> Lymphocytes Monocytes --> Acidophils -->Basophils

  4. Lymphocytes Acidophils --> Basophils --> Neutrophils-->Monocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The relative proportions of the different types of white blood cells are: Neutrophils (roughly 60 – 70%), Lymphocytes (roughly 20 – 30%), Monocytes (approximately 1 – 6%), Eosinophils (approximately 1 – 3%), Basophils (less than 1%).

Thus, the correct answer is 'Neutrophils --> Lymphocytes Monocytes --> Acidophils -->Basophils.'

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Compounds released by WBCs, which raise the body's temperature, are known as

  1. Insulin

  2. Catecholamines

  3. Pyrogens

  4. Prostaglandins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
When your body temperature rises  because of an infection, it's called a fever.  Fevers are caused by chemicals called pyrogens flowing in the bloodstream. Pyrogens make their way to the hypothalamus in the brain, which is in charge of regulating body temperature. So, the correct option is "C" (Pyrogens).
Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Immunocomplexes are removed by 

  1. Basophils and monocytes

  2. Basophils and eosinophils

  3. Eosinophils and monocytes

  4. Neutrophils and basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Immunocomplexes also called antigen-antibody complexes are harmful and long deposition of then inside the cell can lead to various autoimmune disorders and primarily removed from the cell by phagocytosis in which eosinophils and monocytes (destruction of antibody)  have an important role to play.

So the correct option is 'Eosinophils and monocytes'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

In a blood sample, a WBC has a nucleus with drum-sticks. This indicates that the blood sample has come from a person who is 

  1. Heamphilic

  2. Diabatic

  3. Female

  4. Sickle cell-anemic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils are sexually dimorphic. Neutrophils from females exhibit a small additional X chromosome structure, known as a "neutrophil drumstick".

Drumsticks are differentiated from other nuclear appendages that may occasionally be seen in both sexes.  
Drumsticks usually appear when two XX chromosomes are present. The active X chromosome is randomly distributed within nuclear lobes, but the inactive X preferentially appears in drumsticks. Typical drumsticks are rarely seen in normal men. 

So the answer is 'Female'. 

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Select the incorrect statement out of the following. 

  1. Neutrophils constitute the majority of leucocytes

  2. Eosinophils resist infection.

  3. Basophils secrete histamine and serotonin.

  4. RBCs in mammals are enucleated and biconvex in shape.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
(A) Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, consisting of $60-70\%$ of the leukocytes, they defend against bacterial or fungal infection. They are referred to as PMN leukocytes.
(B) Eosinophil compose about $2-4\%$ of WBC. The count fluctuates. It rises in response to allergies, parasitic infections, collagen diseases, and disease of the spleen and CNS. That is they resist infection.
(C) Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine & serotonin also heparin.
(D) Red Blood cells lack a nucleus, but are biconcave in shape, not Biconvex
All statements are correct, only in (D), there should be biconcave instead of Biconvex.
Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Mark, among the following the a cell which does not exhibit pahgocytotic activity

  1. Monocytes

  2. Neutrophil

  3. Basophil

  4. Macrophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Phagocytotic activity is the process of engulfing or ingestion of food or bacteria.

  • Monocytes - They are the largest type of leucocytes present in about 10-20% in blood. They are phagocytotic in nature and engulf bacteria.
  • Neutrophils - There are also many in number in leucocytes. They are phagocytotic in nature and thus engulf harmful bacteria and germs.
  • Basophils - They are present in the very least amount in the leucocytes. Their main function is the prevention of blood clotting and other allergic reactions.
  • Macrophages - They are formed from monocytes in the leucocytes. They are phagocytes that engulf and destroy all the bacteria.

So, the correct option is 'Basophil'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

The blood cells with polymorphic nucleus are?

  1. Granulocytes

  2. Thrombocytes

  3. Erythrocytes

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or polymorphonuclear neutrophils because of the varying shapes of the nucleus, which is usually lobed into three segments. These are granulocytes involved in fighting off pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi.

So the correct answer is 'Granulocytes'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Find the correct descending order of percentage proportion of leucocytes in human blood.

  1. Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils $\rightarrow$ Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils (Eosinophil) $\rightarrow$ Monocytes
  2. Monocytes $\rightarrow$ Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils
  3. Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Monocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils
  4. Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils $\rightarrow$ Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Monocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Mast cells of connective tissue contain

  1. Vasopressin and histamine

  2. Heparin and histamine

  3. Heparin and calcitonin

  4. Serotonin and melanin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A  mast cell  is derived from the myeloid stem cell and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Mast cells play an important role in allergy and anaphylaxis and are involved in wound healing and defence against pathogens. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which of the following statements are wrong ?
(a) Leucocytes disintegrate in the spleen and liver.
(b) RBC, WBC  and blood platelets are produced by bone marrow.
(c) Neutrophils bring about destruction and detoxification of toxins of protein origin.
(d) The important function of lymphocytes is to produce antibodies.

  1. a and b only

  2. a and d only

  3. a and c only

  4. b and c only

  5. b and d only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Leucocytes do not disintegrate in spleen and liver, in fact they are produced in bone marrow.
Neutrophils are mainly responsible for protection against infection. When they come across the bacteria or any other foreign bodies, they engulf them through phagocytosis, thus playing a important role in cell defense.