Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Mark, among the following the a cell which does not exhibit pahgocytotic activity

  1. Monocytes

  2. Neutrophil

  3. Basophil

  4. Macrophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Phagocytotic activity is the process of engulfing or ingestion of food or bacteria.

  • Monocytes - They are the largest type of leucocytes present in about 10-20% in blood. They are phagocytotic in nature and engulf bacteria.
  • Neutrophils - There are also many in number in leucocytes. They are phagocytotic in nature and thus engulf harmful bacteria and germs.
  • Basophils - They are present in the very least amount in the leucocytes. Their main function is the prevention of blood clotting and other allergic reactions.
  • Macrophages - They are formed from monocytes in the leucocytes. They are phagocytes that engulf and destroy all the bacteria.

So, the correct option is 'Basophil'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

The blood cells with polymorphic nucleus are?

  1. Granulocytes

  2. Thrombocytes

  3. Erythrocytes

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes or polymorphonuclear neutrophils because of the varying shapes of the nucleus, which is usually lobed into three segments. These are granulocytes involved in fighting off pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi.

So the correct answer is 'Granulocytes'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Find the correct descending order of percentage proportion of leucocytes in human blood.

  1. Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils $\rightarrow$ Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils (Eosinophil) $\rightarrow$ Monocytes
  2. Monocytes $\rightarrow$ Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils
  3. Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Monocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils
  4. Lymphocytes $\rightarrow$ Acidophils $\rightarrow$ Basophils $\rightarrow$ Neutrophils $\rightarrow$ Monocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The relative percentages of white blood cells in human blood follow the mnemonic Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas, which corresponds to Neutrophils (about 60-65 percent), Lymphocytes (about 20-25 percent), Monocytes (about 6-8 percent), Eosinophils (Acidophils, about 2-4 percent), and Basophils (about 0.5-1 percent). Thus, the correct descending order is Neutrophils to Lymphocytes to Monocytes to Acidophils to Basophils.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Mast cells of connective tissue contain

  1. Vasopressin and histamine

  2. Heparin and histamine

  3. Heparin and calcitonin

  4. Serotonin and melanin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A  mast cell  is derived from the myeloid stem cell and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Mast cells play an important role in allergy and anaphylaxis and are involved in wound healing and defence against pathogens. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which of the following statements are wrong ?
(a) Leucocytes disintegrate in the spleen and liver.
(b) RBC, WBC  and blood platelets are produced by bone marrow.
(c) Neutrophils bring about destruction and detoxification of toxins of protein origin.
(d) The important function of lymphocytes is to produce antibodies.

  1. a and b only

  2. a and d only

  3. a and c only

  4. b and c only

  5. b and d only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Leucocytes do not disintegrate in spleen and liver, in fact they are produced in bone marrow.
Neutrophils are mainly responsible for protection against infection. When they come across the bacteria or any other foreign bodies, they engulf them through phagocytosis, thus playing a important role in cell defense. 

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which statement is true for WBC?

  1. Non-nucleted

  2. In deficiency, cancer is caused

  3. Can squeeze through blood capillaries

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

WBC's are amoeboid in shape due to which they can easily squeeze through the walls of the capillaries at the site of injury by the process known as diapedesis and engulf the damaged cells by phagocytosis. They are nucleated cells and excess of WBCs causes cancer known as leukaemia. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Spleen and thymus are haematopoietic for

  1. RBC

  2. WBC

  3. Platelets

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Haematopoiesis is the process of formation of blood cellular components. Blood cell formation takes place in yolk sac in developing embryo. As development proceeds, blood formation occurs in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. In spleen and thymus, 20-30% of WBCs are formed while RBCs and platelets are formed in the bone marrow.  All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells.
Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which is the correct sequence of arrangement of types of WBC in decreasing order in terms of number per ${mm}^{3}$ of human blood?

  1. Eosinophils --> Basophils --> Neutrophils

  2. Basophils --> Eosinophils --> Neutrophils

  3. Neutrophils --> Eosinophils --> Basophils

  4. Eosinophils --> Neutrophils --> Basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Percentage distribution of leukocyte are as follows:

Neutrophils- 60 - 70%
Lymphocytes- 20 - 30%
Monocytes- 2 - 8%
Eosinophils- 1 - 4%
Basophils- 0.5 - 1%
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which blood cells of mammals are concerned with immunity?

  1. Young Erythrocytes

  2. Leucocytes

  3. Thrombocytes

  4. Matured Erythrocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Leucocytes or the white blood cells are concerned with immunity. They perform phagocytosis, antigen-presenting, the release of antibodies, release of cytokines, opsonization etc. to keep the immunity of the body against the pathogens. Erythrocytes or the red blood cells are responsible for the transportation of oxygen. Thrombocytes or the platelets are responsible for blood clotting.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Leucocytes'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

WBC is called as true cell because of

  1. Presence of nucleus

  2. Phagocytosis

  3. Polymorphism

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The components of blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Of these, only white blood cells are true cells or complete cells as they have a nucleus, organelles and other cell structures and processes such as expressing proteins.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Increase in number of leukocytes beyond normal indicates

  1. Anaemia

  2. Infection

  3. Increased defence against pathogen

  4. Non-formation of RBC.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A high white blood cell(leukocyte) count isn't a specific disease, but it can indicate another problem, such as infection, stress, inflammation, trauma, allergy, or certain diseases. That's why a high white blood cell count usually requires further investigation.


So, the correct answer is 'Infection'.

Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Number of leucocytes present in one $mm^3$ of blood is

  1. 5000-8000

  2. 2000-3000

  3. 8000-13000

  4. 1 million to 1.5 million
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Leucocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are colourless, nucleated and motile cells of blood.. Their normal count is 5000- 8000 cells per mm3 of blood. WBCs (White blood cells) can be granulocytes or agranulocytes.depending upon whether they have granules or not. Granular leucocytes or granulocytes are acidophils, basophils and neutrophils while agranular leucocytes or agranulocytes are lymphocytes and monocytes. All WBCs are capable of amoeboid movement with the help of which they are squeezed out of capillaries into the tissues.
So, the correct answer is '5000 - 8000'.
Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which is correct about leucocytes?

  1. They are red coloured.

  2. They can cross capillaries.

  3. They are enucleate.

  4. Decrease in their number causes leukemia.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Leucocytes are white blood cells (WBCs).
B. They are capable of amoeboid movement due to which they can cross or squeeze out of the capillaries into tissues and this process is known as diapedesis.
C. They are nucleated i.e. they have a nucleus.
D. Increase in their number cause leukemia which is cancer of WBCs.
Hence, only statement B is correct.
So, the correct answer is 'They can cross capillaries'.
Multiple choice evs our body- its internal organ system leucocytes body fluids and immune responses respiratory and circulatory system

Which one are granulocytes?

  1. Neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes

  2. Eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

  3. Basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

  4. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

WBCs (White blood cells) can be granulocytes or agranulocytes.
Granulocytes are of three types:
  • Eosinophils: These cells play important role in immunity and allergic reactions. These make about 1 - 5% of total leucocytes.
  • Basophils: These cells contain heparin, serotonin and histamine. These make about 0.5 - 2.7% of total leucocytes.
  • Neutrophils: These cells perform phagocytosis and also destroy bacteria. These make about 60 - 70% of total leucocytes.
Agranulocytes are of two types:
  • Lymphocytes: These cells are of two types, B lymphocytes that maintain humoral immunity and T lymphocytes which maintain cell mediated immunity. These make about 20 - 40% of total leucocytes.
  • Monocytes: These cells are actively motile and phagocytic cells. These make about 2 - 7% of total leucocytes.
So, the correct answer is 'Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils'.