Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

The regression in size of which organ is associated with reduction in the power of defence against invasion by pathogens with ageing?

  1. Bone marrow

  2. Thymus

  3. Spleen

  4. Peyer's patches
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The thymus gland, located behind our sternum and between our lungs, is only active until puberty.

After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat.
So, the correct option is 'Thymus'.

Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Central tolerance takes place in

  1. Lymph nodes

  2. Thymus

  3. Spleen

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Central tolerance is the tolerance established by deleting autoreactive lymphocyte clones before they develop into fully grown immunocompetent cells. It occurs primarily in the thymus.

So, the correct option is 'Thymus'.

Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which one of these does not pertain to B-cells?

  1. Have passed through the thymus

  2. Synthesize and liberate antibodies

  3. Have antibody-mediated immunity

  4. Have specific receptors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

B cells develop in the bone marrow but achieve maturity in peripheral lymphoid organs. Developmental stages are defined by the successful expression of heavy-chain and light-chain immunoglobulin genes. B cells provide humoral immunity against extracellular pathogens through antibody production. Antibodies neutralize pathogens and toxins, facilitate opsonization, and activate complement. The B-cell receptor or BCR is composed of immunoglobulin molecules that form a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein usually located on the outer surface of a lymphocyte type known as B cells. 


So, the correct option is 'Option A'.

Multiple choice zoology health, disease and yoga diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Leukaemia is a cancer caused due to

  1. Excessive production of WBCs

  2. Excessive production of RBCs

  3. Excessive production of platelets

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made. These abnormal cells usually cannot carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Because there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes cannot make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Multiple choice zoology health, disease and yoga diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Leukaemia is due to

  1. Excessive production of RBC

  2. Excessive production of WBC

  3. Less production of RBC

  4. Less production of WBC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made. These abnormal cells usually can't carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Because there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes can't make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice zoology health, disease and yoga diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Leukaemia a cancer is due to  

  1. Excessive production of WBCs

  2. Excessive production of RBCs

  3. Excessive production of platelet

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Leukaemia is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow where blood cells are made. 
Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made.
These abnormal cells usually can't carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord.
Because, there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes can't make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Multiple choice zoology health, disease and yoga diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Leukaemia, a cancer is due to

  1. Excessive production of WBCs

  2. Excessive production of RBCs

  3. Less production of platelets

  4. Less production of WBCs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Leukaemia is cancer of blood-forming cells. Leukaemia usually causes large numbers of white blood cells to be made. These abnormal cells usually can't carry out the normal functions of white blood cells. They crowd the bone marrow and spill into the blood and may then spread into organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Sometimes, they may also spread into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. Because, there are so many abnormal white cells crowded into the bone marrow, the marrow sometimes can't make enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs transportation in animal and plants blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Consider the following statements (A - C) each with one or two blanks.
(A)(1) are the most abundant cells (60-65 per cent) of the total WBCs and (2) are the least (0.5-1 per cent) among them.
(B)Platelets are cell fragments produced from (3).
(C)During clot formation, fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive (4) in the plasma by the enzyme (5).
Which one of the following options, gives the correct fill ups for the respective blank numbers from (1) to (5) in the statements?

  1. (l)-Neutrophils, (2)-basophiIs, (4)-fibrinogens, (5)-thrombin

  2. (3)-mast cells, (4)-throm bo kinase, (5)prothrombin

  3. (3)-megakaryocytes, (4) prothrombin, (5)thrombin

  4. (1)-Basophils, (2)-neutrophils, (3)-reticulocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Out of all other leucocytes, the neutrophils (60-65%) are most abundant and the least are basophils (0.5-1%). Platelets are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes. During the blood clotting, the enzyme thrombin converts inactive fibrinogens into active fibrins.. 

Thus, the correct answer is '(l)-Neutrophils, (2)-basophiIs, (4)-fibrinogens, (5)-thrombin).'

Multiple choice biology transportation in animal and plants blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Which of the following cells do not take part in transportation?

  1. RBC

  2. WBC

  3. Platelets

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb ) is an iron-containing protein present in Erythrocytes or Red blood cells (RBC) of almost all vertebrates. Each hemoglobin is made up of 4 subunits, 2 alpha subunits, and 2 beta subunits. Each subunit surrounds the central heme group that contains iron and binds to one oxygen molecule. It carries oxygen from lungs to tissues. It also helps in the transportation of carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions back to the lungs from the tissues. Hence RBC helps in transportation of gases while WBC takes parts in immune function and protects the body from infectious diseases and foreign invaders(bacteria, viruses other pathogens) and platelets in blood coagulation.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Multiple choice evs transportation in animal and plants blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Which of the following cells gets activated during bleeding?

  1. RBC

  2. WBC

  3. Platelets

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
If one of your blood vessels gets damaged(bleeding), it sends out signals to the platelets. The platelets then rush to the site of damage. they form a plug (clot) to fix the damage. The process of spreading across the surface of a damaged blood vessel to stop bleeding is called adhesion. This is because when platelets get to the site of the injury, they grow sticky tentacles that help them stick (adhere) to one another. They also send out chemical signals to attract more platelets. The additional platelets pile onto the clot in a process called aggregation.

So, the correct answer is 'Platelets'.
Multiple choice evs transportation in animal and plants blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Loss of haemoglobin can be controlled by

  1. Platelets

  2. RBC

  3. WBC

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Platelets are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow). They are also called as thrombocytes. An injury or a trauma stimulates the platelets in the blood to release certain factors which activate the mechanism of coagulation or blood clotting. They also change their shape from round to spiny and stick to the broken vessel wall and each other and forms net-like structure during bleeding. This prevents the loss of hemoglobin through bleeding.

So, the correct answer is 'Platelets'.

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

The process of formation of various types of blood cells is known as?

  1. Hemoglutination

  2. Hemolysis

  3. Haemophilia

  4. Haemopoiesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The process of making blood cells is called haemopoiesis. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. That's a spongy tissue located inside some bones. It contains young parent cells called stem cells. These blood-forming stem cells can grow into all 3 types of blood cells – red cells, white cells, and platelets. These blood-forming stem cells make copies of themselves, and they also produce mature blood cells. When blood cells are fully mature and functional, they leave the bone marrow and enter the blood. Healthy people have enough stem cells to keep making all the blood cells they need every day.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Blood platelets

  1. Help in the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

  2. Clot the blood.

  3. Are produced in liver.

  4. Fight disease-causing germs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Blood platelets or thrombocyte is another word for platelet, the blood cell that is responsible for normal blood clotting. The root "thrombo" means clot, and you will see it used with diseases and conditions that affect the platelets and blood clotting.

So, the correct option is 'Clot the blood'.

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Red blood cells are ........... white blood cells in size.

  1. Equal to

  2. Smaller than

  3. Larger than

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
White Blood Cell (Leukocyte) are made in the bone marrow and protect the body against infection. White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells and normally are fewer in number. When a person has a bacterial infection, the number of white cells can increase dramatically.
So, the correct option is 'Smaller than'.