Human Immunity and Blood

An antibody or immunoglobulin is a  proteinaceous compound produced mainly by differentiated plasma cells i.e., B lymphocytes. It is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

An antibody is a protein which is produced in response to the antigen by the plasma cells. Antibodies are $\gamma$-globulin proteins that have sugar groups attached to amino acid chains. They can be classified as glycoproteins. These are y-shaped. So, the correct answer is option B.

Plasma cells, also known as plasma B cells or plasmocytes are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. They are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Plasma cells are originated in the bone marrow, B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibody molecules. Once released into the blood and lymph, these antibody molecules bind to the target antigen (foreign substance) and initiate its neutralization or destruction.

• Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several forms of the antibody that are produced by vertebrates. 
• IgM is the largest antibody, and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. 
• IgM can bind to complement component and activate the classical pathway, leading to opsonization of antigens and cytolysis (lysis of foreign cells).
  
• IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. 
• Coating of IgG on pathogen surfaces (known as opsonization) allows their recognition and ingestion by phagocytic immune cells leading to the lysis of foreign cells.
  

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies. B-cells bind to an antigen, receive help from a cognate helper T cell and differentiate into a plasma cell that secretes large amounts of antibodies.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody that has been found only in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. IgE has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity (allergy) which includes allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and specific types of chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis.

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are secreted by B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Lymphocyte is a type of WBC. Hence, Antibody is formed by WBC.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody., representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. The primary immunoglobulin of the newborn is the maternal IgG as this is the only immunoglobulin to cross the placental barrier. Hence, IgG is the immunoglobulin which is found in the serum of newborn babies.

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Antibodies or immunoglobulins provides resistance against disease by neutralising antigens which are responsible for the disease. Antibodies are secreted by B-lymphocytes, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several forms of the antibody that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the largest antibody, and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. Spleen and plasma cells are the major sites of specific IgM production. IgM antibodies do not pass across the human placenta.

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin is a large, Y-shaped protein which is produced mainly by plasma cells and it is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are secreted by B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. 

Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes/ B-cells. When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone. The mature B cells,called plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Hence antibodies are secreted from lymphocytes.

An antibody is produced by plasma cell. The B-Lymphocytes are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. Plasma cell originates in the bone marrow. B cell differentiate into a plasma cell that produces antibody molecules. These are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Once these are released into the blood and lymph, these antibody molecules bind to the target antigen and initiate its neutralization or destruction.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several forms of the antibody that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the largest antibody and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. On the basis of its sedimentation velocity and appearance in electron micrographs, it was inferred that IgM is mostly a pentamer i.e., a polymer composed of five monomers.