Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Which of the following is involved in allergic reaction?

  1. IgA and mast cells

  2. IgG and basophils

  3. IgE and mast cells

  4. IgG and mast cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • In response to an allergy, IgE is secreted and circulates in the blood and binds to an IgE-specific receptor on the surface of other kinds of immune cells called mast cells and basophils, which are both involved in the acute inflammatory response.
  •  The IgE-coated cells, at this stage, are sensitized to the allergen. 
  • Hence, IgG and mast cells are involved in an allergic reaction.
  • So, the correct answer is 'IgG and mast cells'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Immunoglobulin abundant in colostrum is 

  1. IgG

  2. IgA

  3. IgM

  4. IgE

  5. IgD
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes.
  • Colostrum is a milky fluid that comes from the breasts of humans, cows, and other mammals the first few days after giving birth before true milk appears.
  • Immunoglobulin abundant in colostrum is IgA in the form of secretory IgA or sIgA. Much of these are produced by plasma cells in the mammary tissue.
  • So, the correct answer is 'IgA'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Which antibody is first to be released in to blood following an infection

  1. IgD

  2. IgG

  3. IgM

  4. IgA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several forms of the antibody that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the largest antibody and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen in the blood. IgM antibodies appear early in the course of an infection and usually reappear to a lesser extent after further exposure to the same antigen. IgM antibodies do not pass across the human placenta.

So, the correct answer is 'IgM'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Cells which actually release the antibodies are 

  1. Helper T-cells

  2. Cytotoxic T-cells

  3. Suppressor T-cells

  4. Plasma cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antibodies are secreted by cells of the adaptive immune system; B cells, which are formed by the differentiation of the plasma cells. B lymphocytes have antibodies attached to them. Once they detect an antigen, they transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies until the immune response is over. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Monoclonal antibodies are

  1. Single parent type that attack many antigens

  2. Single parent type and attack specific antigen

  3. Various parent type and attack many antigens

  4. Various parent type and attack single antigen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

If the identical antibodies are produced by the single clone of cells such antibodies are called as monoclonal antibodies. They are clones or single type but they are target specific. Each monoclonal antibody recognizes one particular protein (antigen). They work in different ways depending on the protein they are targeting. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Antibodies combine with antigens

  1. at variable regions

  2. at constant regions

  3. only if macrophages are present

  4. both (a) and (C)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the blood, the antigens are specifically and with high affinity bound by antibodies to form an antigen-antibody complex. The antigenic determinant or epitope is recognized by the paratope of an antibody, situated at the variable region of the polypeptide chain.

So, the correct option is 'At variable regions'.

Multiple choice biology diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Monoclonal antibodies are

  1. single parent type and attack many antigens

  2. single parent type and attack specific antigen

  3. various parent type and attack many antigens

  4. various parent type and attack single antigen.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone of B-cells (single parent type) and are specific to a single epitope on an antigen.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

The granulocyte to arrive first at the site of an infection is 

  1. Neutrophile

  2. Eosinophil

  3. Basophil

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils. The first immune cells that arrive at an injured site are mostly neutrophils, which are quick-response immune cells that recognize and destroy bacteria. 

So the correct answer is Neutrophile.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems aids to health

Active immunity development is related to ______________.

  1. NK cells

  2. Memory cells
  3. $T _H$ cells
  4. $T _S$ cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity is established when the immune system encounters an antigen and mounts a primary response, leaving behind long-lived memory B and T cells that protect against subsequent infections.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Which of the following immunosuppressant is used to prevent the acute rejection reactions?

  1. MHC I

  2. Antibodies

  3. MHC II

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibodies. Antibodies are sometimes used as a quick and potent immunosuppressive therapy to prevent the acute rejection reactions as well as a targeted treatment of autoimmune disorders 

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Rejection of a transplant is an immune response of the type?

  1. B-lymphocyte mediated humoral response

  2. Helper T lymphocytes mediated humoral response

  3. Cell mediated involving cytotoxic T lymphocytes

  4. Cell mediated involving memory T lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During transplantation of organs, rejection reactions may occur due to the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the recipient.

So, the correct option is 'Cell-mediated involving cytotoxic T lymphocytes'.