Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

'Dextran' is used in the case of

  1. blood clotting

  2. bleeding

  3. plasma extension

  4. blood preservation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dextran is a volume expander used to increase blood volume.

Multiple choice

Monoclonal antibodies differ from polyclonal antibodies in their property of reacting with _____.

  1. specific epitope

  2. specific antigen

  3. specific clones of cells

  4. specific paratope

  5. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Specific epitope : monoclonal antibody has a single binding site for specific portion of a macromolecular antigen called epitope, whereas polyclonal antibodies have heterogeneous collection of binding sites for different epitope.

Multiple choice

Class switching takes place in ____ .

  1. the Pro-B cell

  2. the Pre-B cell

  3. immune B cell

  4. activated B cell

  5. plasma cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Activated B cell. Class switching is a process by which the isotype of the Abs produced in response to an Ag change as the humoral response proceeds. Different cytokine is induced switching to different antibody classes, enabling the immune system to respond in the most effective ways to different types of microbe. Activated (mature) B cell IgM+ IgD undergoes class switching by induced recombination of switch (S) region such that the VDJ primary RNA is spliced onto the RNA from the downstream C gene, producing a heavy chain with a new constant region and therefore a new class of Ig.

Multiple choice

The T-cell receptors can bind to antigenic peptide ____ .

  1. only in the free form

  2. only when loaded on to MHC

  3. only when bound to hapten

  4. only when bound to antibody

  5. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Only when loaded on to MHCT,  cell use TCR to recognize peptide Ag displayed by MHC on antigen presenting .cells.

Multiple choice

Choose the correct match:

P. Eosinophil 1. An antigen presenting cell that is not phagocytic.
Q. Kuffer Cell 2. Generally first cell to arrive at the site of inflammation.
R. Dendrite Cell 3. Macrophages found in liver.
S. Mast Cell 4. Phagocytic cell important in the body’s defense against parasitic organisms.
5. Type I hypersensitivity.

  1. P - 4, Q - 3, R - 1, S - 5

  2. P - 4, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 1

  3. P - 5, Q - 1, R - 2, S - 4

  4. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 1, S - 4

  5. P - 5, Q - 1, R - 3, S - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Eosinophil is a phagocytic cell important in the body’s defense against parasitic organism. Kuffer cell is one type of tissue macrophages found in liver.  Dendritic cell is an antigen presenting cell that is not phagocytic.  Mast cell is associated with type I hypersensitivity.  Degranulation of mast cell occur in type I hypersensitivity.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is false regarding spleen?

  1. It is placed in abdominal cavity.

  2. It is mesodermal in origin.

  3. It is also known as graveyard of RBCs.

  4. It is the largest lymph node.

  5. Its size decreases during malaria fever.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Spleen size increases during malaria fever due to increase in number of lymphocytes and dead RBCs.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Red blood cells are round and biconcave.

  2. Red blood cells lack nucleus.

  3. Red blood cells live for approximately four months.

  4. Red blood cells manufacture the antibodies that fight infection.

  5. Red blood cells are manufactured in the bone marrow.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is incorrect. White blood cells manufacture the antibodies that fight infection. These are also known as the soldiers of the body.