Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is secreted by 

  1. Acidophilic cells

  2. Acidotrophic cells

  3. Basophilic cells

  4. Neurotrophic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The acidophils are the somatotropic cells and the lactotrophic cells. Thus, growth hormone and prolactin are secreted by acidophilic cells. In the anterior pituitary, the term acidophil is used to describe two different types of cells: somatotrophs, which generate somatotropin (also known as growth hormone) and mammotrophs, which generate prolactin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is produced in

  1. Pituitary

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Thyroid gland

  4. Gonads
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The growth process begins in the hypothalamus. When the hypothalamus releases growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), the anterior pituitary is stimulated to release growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone then acts on the liver and other tissues and stimulates them to secrete insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 directly promotes the development of bone and muscle, causing bones to grow in length, and muscles to increase protein synthesis.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormones, that maintains the secretory activity of the corpus luteum and increase in the size of the mammary glands are

  1. Estrogen

  2. Luteinizing

  3. Luteotrophin

  4. Gonadotrophin

  5. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin is a peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands. Progesterone, secreted from the corpus luteum, prolongs the secretion of prolactin. Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland produces a secretion, which causes a dramatic darkening of the skin of many fishes, amphibians and reptiles. It is 

  1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

  2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

  3. Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

MSH is important in the regulation of melanin synthesis in cells called melanophores (a type of chromatophore) that are in the skin of amphibians, some fishes, and reptiles. Light reflected from water surface stimulates photoreceptors, which send information to the hypothalamus. Pituitary MSH then causes the pigment synthesis in the melanophores to disperse and the skin to darken.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotrophic hormones are produced in the

  1. Posterior part of thyroid

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Adenohypophysis of pituitary

  4. Interstitial cells of testis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior pituitary is also known as the adenohypophysis, meaning glandular undergrowth. Gonadotropes (LH and FSH) are secreted from the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ovulation cycle in female mammals, while in the males, LH stimulates the synthesis of androgen. FSH helps in the growth of the reproductive system.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following is neuropeptide hormone?

  1. Vasopressin

  2. Insulin

  3. ACTH

  4. Glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone, also known commonly as vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary. It has two principal sites of action: the kidney and blood vessels. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which one of the following statements about sex hormones is correct?

  1. Testosterone is produced by Leydig cells under the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH).

  2. Progesterone is secreted by corpus luteum and soften ligaments during child birth.

  3. Estrogen is secreted by both Sertoli cells and corpus luteum.

  4. The progesterone produced by corpus luteum is biologically different from the one produced by placenta.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the male, luteinizing hormone promotes the development of the interstitial tissue (Leydig cells) of the testes and hence promotes the secretion of the male sex hormone, testosterone. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which one affects liver, muscle and adipose tissue?

  1. Androgen

  2. Insulin

  3. Progesterone

  4. Glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone can increase rate of formation of glycogen, volume of blood in vessel and rate of heart beat?

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucagon

  3. Adrenaline

  4. FSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenaline is a natural stimulant hormone made in the adrenal gland of the kidney. Adrenaline is carried in the bloodstream and affects the autonomous nervous system, which controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and secretion of sweat and saliva.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Hormone responsible for the implantation of embryo in uterus and formation of placenta is

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Progesterone

  3. Estradiol

  4. FSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Progesterone is a hormone secreted by ovaries. It maintains the lining of the uterus during the middle part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. If a pregnancy occurs, progesterone is produced in the placenta, and levels remain elevated throughout the pregnancy. One of the progesterone's most important functions is to cause the endometrium to secrete special proteins during the second half of the menstrual cycle, preparing it to receive and nourish an implanted fertilized egg. If implantation does not occur, estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium breaks down and menstruation occurs.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Testosterone, a hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in male is produced by the

  1. Spermatogonia

  2. Seminiferous tubules

  3. Anterior lobe of the pituitary

  4. Cells that lie between seminiferous tubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle. They produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Male hormone is

  1. Adrenalin

  2. Testosterone

  3. Progesterone

  4. Insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In men, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testis and prostate as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle, bone mass, and the growth of body hair.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Leydig's cells secrete

  1. Oestrogen

  2. Progesterone

  3. Testosterone

  4. Aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The male sex hormone testosterone is produced by Leydig cells. These cells are located in the connective (interstitial) tissue, that holds the tubules together within each lobule. The tissue becomes markedly active at puberty under the influence of the interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The effect of prolactin will be marked in

  1. Bones

  2. Pancreas

  3. Mammary gland

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin is produced both in the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk (lactation); increased serum concentrations of prolactin during pregnancy cause enlargement of the mammary glands of the breasts and prepare for the production of milk. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormone which brings about characteristic changes in the male at puberty is called as

  1. Testosterone

  2. Oestrogen

  3. FSH

  4. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In men, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testis and prostate as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle, bone mass, and the growth of body hair.