Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is known as chemical messenger?

  1. Hormone

  2. Enzyme

  3. Colostrum

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Hormones are the chemical substances that are secreted in the body by the endocrine glands. They are known as body's chemical messengers.
B. Enzymes are colloidal macromolecules that are water soluble and partially or wholly proteinaceous in nature.
C. Colostrum is a form of milk produced from mammary glands in mammals.
So, the correct answer is 'Hormone'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the statements given below are correct 
I) Hormones are non-nutrient chemical 
II) Hormones act as intracellular chemicals
III) Hormones are produced in moderate quantity
IV) Hormones may be proteins, steroids , glycoproteins or biogenic amines

  1. I and II

  2. II and III

  3. III and IV

  4. I and IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones are non-nutrients chemicals which act as .............. messengers and are produced in ........... amount.

  1. Intracellular, large

  2. Intercellular, large

  3. Intracellular, small

  4. Intercellular, trace
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount. They are released from the ductless glands called as endocrine glands. They affect the activity of another part of the body called as target site. They are not stored in the body.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Intercellular, trace.'

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Read the given paragraph and select the option that correctly fills the blanks in it.
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific ______A called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need ___B receptor that generate ___C messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. ____D soluble hormones can pass through cell membrane and bind to ______E receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone receptors complex enter the nucleus and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by interaction of hormone-receptor complex with the genome.

  1. A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C- second, D- lipid, E-intracellular

  2. A-lipids, B-membrane bound, C-second, D-water, E-intracellular

  3. A-proteins, B-intracellular, C-second, D-lipid, E-extra cellular

  4. A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C-primary, D-lipid, E-intracellular
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Hormones produce their effect on target tissue by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only. Water soluble hormones usually need membrane-bound receptors that generate second messengers for regulating cellular metabolism. Lipid soluble hormones can pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by an interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the genome.
Thus, the correct answer is 'A-proteins, B-membrane bound, C- second, D- lipid, E-intracellular.'
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

One of the following hormone is different from the other three regarding their solubility.

  1. Epinephrine

  2. Aldosterone

  3. Steroid hormones

  4. Iodothyronines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones can be classified based on their solubility into hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones. Hydrophilic hormones are soluble in water. They are mostly amino-based proteins. Examples include epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin. Lipophilic hormones are soluble in lipids. They are steroids and thyroxine. Examples includes aldosterone, steroid hormones, iodothyronines.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Epinephrine.'

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones "obey" the commands like "enough, slow down or "two little, speed up".

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hormones are poured directly into blood the bloodstream and control physiological processes by chemical means. Their action depends on the feedback mechanism. 
So, the correct answer is 'False'
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

How many of these hormones are water soluble ? Thyroxine, Epinephrine, Nor-epinephrine , Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone, Thymosin, Melatonin, Calcitonin

  1. 5

  2. 4

  3. 6

  4. 9
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Water-soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines, and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides. Receptors for peptide hormones are located on the plasma membrane because they have bound to a receptor protein located on the plasma membrane.
  • Thyroxine, Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone are lipid soluble hormones.
  • Epinephrine, Non-epinephrine, Thymosin, Melatonin and Calcitonin are water-soluble hormones.
Hence, the correct answer is '5'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which one of the following statements is correct ? 

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are the two major parts of the nervous system.
  • The peripheral nervous system is further divided into two types- the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 
  1. The somatic system controls the sense organs and voluntary muscles. 
  2. The autonomic nervous system controls the internal organs and regulates the secretion from the endocrine glands of the body. 
  • Hence, the nervous system is capable of controlling the endocrine glands, but the endocrine glands cannot regulate the functioning of the nervous system.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is the correct function of endocrine system with reference to chemical coordination?

  1. Provides neural integration through hormones

  2. Provides chemical integration through hormones

  3. Provides an organised network of point to point connections for a quick coordination

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
  • Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs and distant tissues. 
  • Hence Provides chemical integration through hormones is the correct function of the endocrine system with reference to chemical coordination.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Provides chemical integration through hormones '.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following are correct.

a) Neural coordination is fast but short-lived. 

b) Secretions of the ductless gland are messengers. 

c) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

d) Hormones act as intracellular messengers.

e) Chemical messengers produced in large amounts.

  1. a, b, and d

  2. b, c, and d

  3. a, b, and c

  4. a, b, c, and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

$\Rightarrow$ Properties of Hormones

$\bullet$ Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount.
$\bullet$ Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they do have effects on growth differentiation.
$\bullet$ They may accelerate or inhibit a specific physiological process.
$\bullet$ Hormones are often used up in their regulatory action.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Given is an incomplete table on hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each human body. Identify the option representing correct grouping of hormone its gland and effect.

Gland Secretion Effect on body
A Oestrogen Maintenance of secondary sexual characters
Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans B Raises blood sugar level
Anterior pituitary C Over secretion leads to gigantism


  1. A- ovary, B-glucagon, C-growth hormone

  2. A-placenta, B-insulin, C-vasopressin

  3. A-ovary, B-insulin, C-calcitonin

  4. A-placenta, B-glucagon, C-calcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oestrogen is secreted by the ovary, glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas to raise blood sugar, and growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

How many of the following hormones have nuclear receptors?
Thyroxine, Catecholamines, Cortisol, Cholecystokinin, Growth hormone.

  1. $2$
  2. $3$
  3. $4$
  4. $5$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear receptors are typically used by steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. Among the list, Thyroxine and Cortisol have nuclear receptors. Catecholamines, Cholecystokinin, and Growth hormone use cell surface receptors.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Their specificity is due to the presence of signal receiving receptors only in the respective target tissues. Where are these receptors present in case of hormones of protein nature?

  1. Extra cellular matrix

  2. Blood

  3. Plasma membrane

  4. Nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones involved in maintaining $Ca^{2+}$ balance in human body includes all except

  1. cortisol

  2. aldosterone

  3. Parathormone

  4. thyrocalcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Parathormone and thyrocalcitonin are directly involved in calcium homeostasis. Aldosterone indirectly affects calcium by regulating sodium and water balance. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid and is not primarily involved in calcium balance.