Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

  1. Glucagon is secreted by $\beta$-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis

  2. Secretion of thymosin's is stimulated with aging

  3. In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

  4. FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The tissues influenced by a specific hormone are referred to as its

  1. Controlled centres

  2. Substrates

  3. Target tissues

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are chemically diverse group of molecules produced in endocrine glands. The secretions of these glands are not conducted through special ducts but are just poured into circulating blood. Specific organs also called as target tissues have special receptors on their cell surface, which binds to specific hormones. Those tissues which do not have receptors for a particular hormone will not respond to that hormone.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The effect of different hormones on the body can be best said to bring about

  1. Stimulation of organs

  2. Release of inherent capacities

  3. Proper growth

  4. Co-ordination of functions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are our body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including- growth and development, metabolism that derives energy from the foods we eat, sexual function, reproduction, mood. All of these is achieved by coordination of functions. Thus, answer is- 'co-ordination of functions'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following best describes hormones?

  1. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them.

  2. Hormones are stable, long-lasting chemicals released from gland.

  3. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.

  4. All hormones are lipid-soluble.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A hormone is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or an organ of the body exhibiting an endocrine function. The blood carries the hormone to every cell in the body, but only the target cells for a given hormone can respond to it. Thus Hormones are stable, long lasting chemicals released from glands.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is not necessarily a property of all hormones?

  1. Information carrying

  2. Secreted in low amounts

  3. Short half-life

  4. Protein in nature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All hormones in the human body can be divided into lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones. They are biochemical messengers, secreted in very low amounts with considerably small half - life.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

I am secretions of endocrine glands. Chemically I maybe steroids, proteins or amino acid derivatives. I am transported by blood to the reaction site. I may accelerate or inhibit specific activity. My action may be slow or quick
Who am I?

  1. Hormone

  2. Digestive juice

  3. Enzyme

  4. Water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hormone is a regulatory substance produced in an organism by glands and transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones may be

  1. Steriods

  2. Peptides

  3. Amino acid derivatives

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol. They are in the form of lipids. For example, aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone etc.
B. Peptide hormones are the proteinaceous hormones. For example, insulin, glucagon, relaxin etc.
C. Amino acid derivatives are the hormones that contain amino acids. For example, thyroxine secreted from thyroid gland contains tyrosine amino acid.
Hence, all the options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

An organ where a hormone shows its effect is called

  1. Effector

  2. Target

  3. Initiator

  4. Terminator
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands in the blood from where they are carried to their target organs. The target organs are the organs where these hormones act and show their effect. Target organs have receptors for specific hormones where the hormones bind and cause changes in the functioning and regulation of that particular target organ. On the other hand, the organs which respond to any nerve stimulus are called effector organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Target'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following hormones regulate growth and metarnorphosis in insect?

  1. Juvenile hormone

  2. Brain hormone

  3. Ecdysone

  4. Prothoracicotropic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The question asks which hormones regulate growth and metamorphosis. Both juvenile hormone (maintains larval state, inhibits metamorphosis) and ecdysone (causes molting, triggers metamorphosis) regulate these processes. However, only option A (Juvenile hormone) is marked correct, which is incomplete - the question likely meant which SINGLE hormone. Based on the options, A is the best answer among those listed.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose?

  1. Insulin

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Glucagon

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A.Insulin – hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose.

B.Adrenaline – hormone increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).

C.Glucagon - The pancreas releases glucagon when the concentration of insulin (and indirectly glucose) in the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. High blood-glucose levels, on the other hand, stimulate the release of insulin.

D.Thyroxine - It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.

So, the correct option is ‘Insulin’.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

In mammals, prolactin stimulates the production of

  1. progesterones

  2. milk

  3. mucus in the digestive tract

  4. digestive enzymes in the small intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
(A) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures which store milk) and milk secretion.
(B) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 
(C) Mucus in the digestive tract helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.
(D) Digestive enzymes in small intestine such as chymotrypsinogen, amylases, lipases, and nucleases. Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme, enterokinase, secreted by the intestinal mucosa into active trypsin, which in turn activates the other enzymes in the pancreatic juice.
So the correct option is milk.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormone initiates secretion of milk?

  1. Prolactin

  2. Luteinizing hormone

  3. Somatotrophic hormone

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and formation of milk in them. 

(B) Leutinizing hormone stimulates gonadal activity and hence are called gonadotropin.
(C) Somatotrophic hormone or Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction etc.
(D) Progesterone supports a pregnancy. It also acts on the mammary glands.
So the correct answer is prolactin.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action?

  1. Oxytocinstimulates uterine contraction in childbirth

  2. Thyroxinestimulates metabolic processes

  3. Insulinstimulates glycogen breakdown in liver

  4. ACTHstimulates release of glucocorticoids by adrenal cortex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Oxytocin initiates vigorous uterine contractions in females at the time of the childbirth, milk secretion by mammary glands, contraction of smooth muscles.

(B) Thyroxine is primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism.
(C) Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis).
(D) ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids. 
So the correct answer is insulin stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
One of the chief differences between pheromones and local hormones is:

  1. the distance over which they act

  2. that one is a chemical messenger and the other is not

  3. that one is made by invertebrates and the other is made by vertebrates

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Local hormones - A number of hormones are secreted by the cells but not in glands and widely dispersed in the body are called local hormones. Example are histamine, prostaglandins, etc.

Pheromones are chemicals used for communication amongst the organism of the same species. 
So the correct answer is the distance over which they act.