Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following are correct.

a) Neural coordination is fast but short-lived. 

b) Secretions of the ductless gland are messengers. 

c) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.

d) Hormones act as intracellular messengers.

e) Chemical messengers produced in large amounts.

  1. a, b, and d

  2. b, c, and d

  3. a, b, and c

  4. a, b, c, and d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

$\Rightarrow$ Properties of Hormones

$\bullet$ Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amount.
$\bullet$ Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they do have effects on growth differentiation.
$\bullet$ They may accelerate or inhibit a specific physiological process.
$\bullet$ Hormones are often used up in their regulatory action.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Given is an incomplete table on hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each human body. Identify the option representing correct grouping of hormone its gland and effect.

Gland Secretion Effect on body
A Oestrogen Maintenance of secondary sexual characters
Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans B Raises blood sugar level
Anterior pituitary C Over secretion leads to gigantism


  1. A- ovary, B-glucagon, C-growth hormone

  2. A-placenta, B-insulin, C-vasopressin

  3. A-ovary, B-insulin, C-calcitonin

  4. A-placenta, B-glucagon, C-calcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oestrogen is secreted by the ovary, glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas to raise blood sugar, and growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

How many of the following hormones have nuclear receptors?
Thyroxine, Catecholamines, Cortisol, Cholecystokinin, Growth hormone.

  1. $2$
  2. $3$
  3. $4$
  4. $5$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear receptors are typically used by steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. Among the list, Thyroxine and Cortisol have nuclear receptors. Catecholamines, Cholecystokinin, and Growth hormone use cell surface receptors.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Their specificity is due to the presence of signal receiving receptors only in the respective target tissues. Where are these receptors present in case of hormones of protein nature?

  1. Extra cellular matrix

  2. Blood

  3. Plasma membrane

  4. Nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones involved in maintaining $Ca^{2+}$ balance in human body includes all except

  1. cortisol

  2. aldosterone

  3. Parathormone

  4. thyrocalcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Parathormone and thyrocalcitonin are directly involved in calcium homeostasis. Aldosterone indirectly affects calcium by regulating sodium and water balance. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid and is not primarily involved in calcium balance.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

  1. Glucagon is secreted by $\beta$-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis

  2. Secretion of thymosin's is stimulated with aging

  3. In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

  4. FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The tissues influenced by a specific hormone are referred to as its

  1. Controlled centres

  2. Substrates

  3. Target tissues

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are chemically diverse group of molecules produced in endocrine glands. The secretions of these glands are not conducted through special ducts but are just poured into circulating blood. Specific organs also called as target tissues have special receptors on their cell surface, which binds to specific hormones. Those tissues which do not have receptors for a particular hormone will not respond to that hormone.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The effect of different hormones on the body can be best said to bring about

  1. Stimulation of organs

  2. Release of inherent capacities

  3. Proper growth

  4. Co-ordination of functions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are our body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including- growth and development, metabolism that derives energy from the foods we eat, sexual function, reproduction, mood. All of these is achieved by coordination of functions. Thus, answer is- 'co-ordination of functions'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following best describes hormones?

  1. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them.

  2. Hormones are stable, long-lasting chemicals released from gland.

  3. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.

  4. All hormones are lipid-soluble.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A hormone is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or an organ of the body exhibiting an endocrine function. The blood carries the hormone to every cell in the body, but only the target cells for a given hormone can respond to it. Thus Hormones are stable, long lasting chemicals released from glands.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is not necessarily a property of all hormones?

  1. Information carrying

  2. Secreted in low amounts

  3. Short half-life

  4. Protein in nature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All hormones in the human body can be divided into lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones. They are biochemical messengers, secreted in very low amounts with considerably small half - life.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

I am secretions of endocrine glands. Chemically I maybe steroids, proteins or amino acid derivatives. I am transported by blood to the reaction site. I may accelerate or inhibit specific activity. My action may be slow or quick
Who am I?

  1. Hormone

  2. Digestive juice

  3. Enzyme

  4. Water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hormone is a regulatory substance produced in an organism by glands and transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormones may be

  1. Steriods

  2. Peptides

  3. Amino acid derivatives

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Steroid hormones are synthesised from cholesterol. They are in the form of lipids. For example, aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone etc.
B. Peptide hormones are the proteinaceous hormones. For example, insulin, glucagon, relaxin etc.
C. Amino acid derivatives are the hormones that contain amino acids. For example, thyroxine secreted from thyroid gland contains tyrosine amino acid.
Hence, all the options are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

An organ where a hormone shows its effect is called

  1. Effector

  2. Target

  3. Initiator

  4. Terminator
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands in the blood from where they are carried to their target organs. The target organs are the organs where these hormones act and show their effect. Target organs have receptors for specific hormones where the hormones bind and cause changes in the functioning and regulation of that particular target organ. On the other hand, the organs which respond to any nerve stimulus are called effector organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Target'.