Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

The hormone responsible for inducing spermatogenesis and oogenesis is 

  1. FSH

  2. Estrogen

  3. Testosterone

  4. Androgen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • FSH or follicle stimulating hormone is a pituitary hormone.
  • It induces oogenesis in females by inducing development of Graafian follicle from the primordial follicle.
  • In males, it induces spermatogenesis by inducing primary spermatocytes to undergo the first division of meiosis, to form secondary spermatocytes.
So, the correct option is 'FSH'.

Multiple choice expression of gene inherited changes biology

Which of the following hormones control gene expression?

  1. growth hormone

  2. prolactin

  3. oxytocin

  4. thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Growth hormone helps in amino acid uptake in all the tissues and also help in the transcription process in which DNA is converted into mRNA.
  • GH also help in synthesis of protein hormone.
  • It also helps to decrease protein catabolism.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Growth hormone'

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

If in an experiment, animal is made anaemic, production of which hormone will be stepped up?

  1. Erythrocytin

  2. Enkephalin

  3. Erythropoietin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoiesis is the process, which produces red blood cells. It is stimulated by decreased oxygen in circulation, which is detected by kidneys which then secretes the hormone erythopoietin. This hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of the red blood cell precursors. When there is anemia, there is low oxygen tension in the body. Because of this, there is a rise in the cell count due to liberation of erythropoietin.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Erythropoietin'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Match the following.
A. Homeostasis                      1) Insulin
B. Emergency hormone         2) Structure of insulin
C. Metabolism                       3) Adrenaline
D. Peptide hormones             4) Thyroxine
E. Pancreatic islets                5) Maintenance of constant internal environment
F. Sanger                                6) Affect the properties of Plasma membrane 

  1. A - 1; B - 5; C - 3; D - 4; E - 6; F - 2

  2. A - 2; B - 4; C - 3; D - 1; E - 6; F - 2

  3. A - 3; B - 5; C - 3; D - 4; E - 6; F - 1

  4. A - 5; B - 3; C - 4; D - 1,6; E - 1; F - 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal environment.
Adrenaline is an emergency hormone. It increases pulse rate, blood pressure during emergency and stimulates the breaking of liver glycogen into blood glucose.
Thyroxine is useful in metabolism. Insulin is secreted from thyroid gland. It regulates general growth and development and controls carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
Peptide hormones such as insulin, affect the properties of plasma membrane.
Insulin is secreted in pancreatic islets. It controls carbohydrate metabolism and maintains glucose level in the blood.
Sanger represents the structure of insulin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Cortisol is a :

  1. glucocorticoid

  2. mineralocorticoid

  3. sex hormone

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cortisol is type glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol (glucocorticoid) also called as life-saving hormone as it increases the blood glucose level in the condition of tension through gluconeogenesis, 
  • In the condition of tension the glucose consumption from neuron increases that can be fatal for one.
Other effects of cortisol are-
  1. Anti-inflammatory
  2. Immuno-suppressive
  3. BMR regulation
  4. RBC regulation

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Parathyroid hormone (PTH):

  1. stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys

  2. stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine

  3. causes blood calcium level to decrease

  4. causes blood phosphate level to decrease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are used to communicate between the organs of the body. The release of parathyroid hormone causes blood phosphate level to decrease. When blood calcium level is low, this hormone is released so that the level comes back to normal. Increased level of PTH may lead to joint pains, muscles weakness and many more effects.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which hormone affects physical appearance?

  1. male and female

  2. steroid

  3. growth

  4. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Male and female hormones or the gonadotropin-releasing hormones have almost the same functions, they induce the primary and secondary sexual characteristics
Example-Estrogen, progesterone.
  • steroid type of hormones play a role in the physiological effect on the body,
Example- Insulin, glucagon.
  • Growth type of hormones affects physical appearance.
Example- GH, somatomedin etc. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

ACTH controls the secretion of :

  1. epinephrine

  2. cortisol

  3. testosterone

  4. aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ACTH is secreted by adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland and controls the secretion of adrenal cortical hormone named as cortisol,

Effects of cortisol-
  • Antiinflammatory
  • Immuno-suppressive
  • RBC production
  • BMR regulation.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following is a chemical messenger that produced in the body region but affect a different body region?

  1. Hormones

  2. Enzyes

  3. Endocrines

  4. Nucleic acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A hormone is a class of molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms, that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior of that particular organ.
Example: Thyroxine, insulin etc
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are :

  1. TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones

  2. FH, LSH and progesterone

  3. GH, prolactin, and MSH

  4. testosterone and estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

GH, prolactin and MSH are not the releasing or inhibitory factors, they have a direct effect on the body,

  • GH(growth hormone) also called as STH(somatotrophic hormone) induces the formation of IGF and sometomedian, these compounds induces the growth of bones and other organs
$GH/STH \overset{Induce}\rightarrow IGF+ Sometomedian\rightarrow growth$
  • Prolactin also called as lactotrophic hormones induces-
  1. Growth of mammary glands
  2. Synthesis of milk
  3. synthesis of antigonadotrophin
  • MSH(melanocyte stimulating hormone) is secreted from adenohypophysis and induce metachrosis( changing of color in amphibians).

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

GH promotes :

  1. bone growth

  2. cell division

  3. protein synthesis

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored and secreted by somatotropic cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland. GH is a stress hormone that raises the concentration of glucose and free fatty acids.growth hormone promotes the growth of bones, muscles and various other organs, too much of it causes abnormal growth of all these tissues, a condition that is referred to as gigantism when it applies to children and acromegaly when it applies to adults. It synthesizes protein also.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones are substances that fall into two basic categories:

  1. stimulator hormones and receptor hormones

  2. male hormones and female hormones

  3. non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones

  4. inter-organ and inter-organismic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are a substance that falls into two basic categories which are non-steroid (peptide, insulin) hormones and steroid hormones (adrenaline, testosterone).