Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Match the list I with list II and choose the correct answer.
List I                                                   List II
A. Adenohypophysis                 (1) Epinephrine 
B. Adrenal medulla                    (2) Somatotropin 
C Parathyroid gland                   (3) Thymosin 
D Thymus gland                         (4) Parathormone

  1. A- 3, B- 1, C- 4, D- 2

  2. A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

  3. A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3

  4. A- 4, B- 3, C- 2, D- 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland) is called as the adenohypophysis. This lobe contains cells, that produce prolactin, growth hormone (somatotropin), thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone. 

Cells in the adrenal medulla synthesize and secrete epinephrine (also called adrenaline). 
Parathormone is a hormone that is made by the parathyroid glands and is critical to maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance. 
Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells.

Multiple choice biology endocrine system and adolescence different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones are produced by

  1. Exocrine glands

  2. Endocrine glands

  3. Holocrine glands

  4. Apocrine glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Exocrine glands are the glands that secrete their products through ducts.
B. Endocrine glands are the ductless glands which secrete their products directly into the blood.
C. Holocrine glands secrete their products in the cytoplasm which are released due to rupture of cell membrane.
D. Apocrine glands are generally present in the skin and secrete their products on the skin surface.
Hormones are produced by endocrine glands. They are secreted in the blood stream from which they are carried to their target organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Endocrine glands'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones are ........... substances secreted in ........... quantities by .......... which acts on the effector organs.

  1. Electrical, large, endocrine gland

  2. Chemical, small, endocrine gland

  3. Electrical, large, exocrine gland

  4. Chemical, small , exocrine gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are organic chemical substances that are released or secreted by endocrine glands in one part of the body and sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the body. They act as chemical messenger. The target organs or tissues are affected by and respond to only minute quantities of the hormones. Thus, only a small amount of hormone is required to alter cell metabolism. Major endocrine glands include pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, pancreas, adrenals, testes or ovaries.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which type of signaling mechanism is most likely used for communication between two neighboring cells?

  1. Steroid hormones

  2. Molecules released in the extracellular space

  3. Endocrine signaling

  4. Molecules released in the bloodstream
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  •  The extracellular ("outside of cell") ligand-binding, a hydrophobic domain extending through the membrane.
  • This type  of signaling mechanism is most likely used for communication between two neighboring cells is by extracellular space,
Hence, the type of signaling mechanism is most likely used for communication between two neighboring cells is by Molecules released in the extracellular space.
So, the correct answer is 'Molecules released in the extracellular space'.

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones are produced by 

  1. Apocrine glands

  2. Endocrine glands

  3. Heterocrine glands

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Apocrine glands are generally present in the skin and secrete their products on the skin surface.
  • Endocrine glands are the ductless glands which secrete their products directly into the blood.
  • Heterocrine glands are the glands which act both as exocrine and endocrine glands.For example, in humans, Pancreas is a heterocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules that are produced by endocrine glands and secreted into blood stream from where they reach their target organs and cause a change in their function and regulation.
Hence, both options B and C are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Find out the correct statement. 

  1. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa.

  2. Neurons regulate endocrine activity but not vice versa.

  3. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.

  4. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Nervous system is a coordinated network of nerve cells and fibres by which nerve impulses are transmitted throughout the body.
  • Endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones. Hormones are secreted in the blood from where they reach the target organs and cause changes in their functioning and regulation.
In our body, nervous system and endocrine system jointly integrate all the activities as nervous system directs endocrine system to secrete hormones that act on the target organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.'.

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of these hormones are not secreted by an endocrine gland?

  1. ADH

  2. PTH
  3. T$ _4$

  4. ANF
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
B. PTH (Parathormone) is secreted from parathyroid gland.
C. T4 or tetraiodothyronine is thyroxine hormone which is secreted from thyroid gland.
D. ANF (Atrial natriuretic factor) is a peptide hormone secreted from heart.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands which secrete hormones into blood stream. Heart is not an endocrine gland.
So, the correct answer is 'ANF'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which one of the following statements is correct ?

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice verse

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, but not vice versa
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The autonomous nervous system regulates the secretion of glands whereas the glands do not regulate the nervous system.

So, the correct answer is 'Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice verse'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which among the following is incorrect about the endocrine system?

  1. It relies on chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.

  2. It is a control system that has extremely rapid effects on the body.

  3. The hormones affect only certain "target" organs.

  4. It is involved in maintaining body homeostasis.

  5. Its organs secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, rather than through ducts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The endocrine system includes ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the blood. This makes option E correct about the system. Second messengers are the low molecular weight molecules that serve to transmit and amplify the signal of hormones, the first messenger, to initiate the downstream enzyme cascade inside the cell. Second messenger pathway is activated by binding of hormones to the receptor molecules present on the surface of target cells only. 

Hormones secreted by various endocrine glands maintain the normal functioning of target tissues/organs and thereby help to maintain homeostasis. 
Endocrine system effects are slow but long term. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

The hormone responsible for inducing spermatogenesis and oogenesis is

  1. FSH

  2. Estrogen

  3. LH

  4. Androgen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Gonadotrophin regulating hormone (GnRH) secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in male. 
  • FSH enters the testes stimulating the Sertoli cells which help to nourish the sperm cells that the testes produce to begin the process of spermatogenesis. Similarly in females, GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of FSH, which stimulates the growth of egg cells, and LH, which signals for the ovulation of an egg from its follicle. 
Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

The hormone responsible for inducing spermatogenesis and oogenesis is 

  1. FSH

  2. Estrogen

  3. Testosterone

  4. Androgen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • FSH or follicle stimulating hormone is a pituitary hormone.
  • It induces oogenesis in females by inducing development of Graafian follicle from the primordial follicle.
  • In males, it induces spermatogenesis by inducing primary spermatocytes to undergo the first division of meiosis, to form secondary spermatocytes.
So, the correct option is 'FSH'.

Multiple choice expression of gene inherited changes biology

Which of the following hormones control gene expression?

  1. growth hormone

  2. prolactin

  3. oxytocin

  4. thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Growth hormone helps in amino acid uptake in all the tissues and also help in the transcription process in which DNA is converted into mRNA.
  • GH also help in synthesis of protein hormone.
  • It also helps to decrease protein catabolism.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Growth hormone'

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

If in an experiment, animal is made anaemic, production of which hormone will be stepped up?

  1. Erythrocytin

  2. Enkephalin

  3. Erythropoietin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoiesis is the process, which produces red blood cells. It is stimulated by decreased oxygen in circulation, which is detected by kidneys which then secretes the hormone erythopoietin. This hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of the red blood cell precursors. When there is anemia, there is low oxygen tension in the body. Because of this, there is a rise in the cell count due to liberation of erythropoietin.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Erythropoietin'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Match the following.
A. Homeostasis                      1) Insulin
B. Emergency hormone         2) Structure of insulin
C. Metabolism                       3) Adrenaline
D. Peptide hormones             4) Thyroxine
E. Pancreatic islets                5) Maintenance of constant internal environment
F. Sanger                                6) Affect the properties of Plasma membrane 

  1. A - 1; B - 5; C - 3; D - 4; E - 6; F - 2

  2. A - 2; B - 4; C - 3; D - 1; E - 6; F - 2

  3. A - 3; B - 5; C - 3; D - 4; E - 6; F - 1

  4. A - 5; B - 3; C - 4; D - 1,6; E - 1; F - 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal environment.
Adrenaline is an emergency hormone. It increases pulse rate, blood pressure during emergency and stimulates the breaking of liver glycogen into blood glucose.
Thyroxine is useful in metabolism. Insulin is secreted from thyroid gland. It regulates general growth and development and controls carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
Peptide hormones such as insulin, affect the properties of plasma membrane.
Insulin is secreted in pancreatic islets. It controls carbohydrate metabolism and maintains glucose level in the blood.
Sanger represents the structure of insulin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Cortisol is a :

  1. glucocorticoid

  2. mineralocorticoid

  3. sex hormone

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cortisol is type glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol (glucocorticoid) also called as life-saving hormone as it increases the blood glucose level in the condition of tension through gluconeogenesis, 
  • In the condition of tension the glucose consumption from neuron increases that can be fatal for one.
Other effects of cortisol are-
  1. Anti-inflammatory
  2. Immuno-suppressive
  3. BMR regulation
  4. RBC regulation