Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Parathyroid hormone (PTH):

  1. stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys

  2. stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine

  3. causes blood calcium level to decrease

  4. causes blood phosphate level to decrease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are used to communicate between the organs of the body. The release of parathyroid hormone causes blood phosphate level to decrease. When blood calcium level is low, this hormone is released so that the level comes back to normal. Increased level of PTH may lead to joint pains, muscles weakness and many more effects.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which hormone affects physical appearance?

  1. male and female

  2. steroid

  3. growth

  4. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Male and female hormones or the gonadotropin-releasing hormones have almost the same functions, they induce the primary and secondary sexual characteristics
Example-Estrogen, progesterone.
  • steroid type of hormones play a role in the physiological effect on the body,
Example- Insulin, glucagon.
  • Growth type of hormones affects physical appearance.
Example- GH, somatomedin etc. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

ACTH controls the secretion of :

  1. epinephrine

  2. cortisol

  3. testosterone

  4. aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ACTH is secreted by adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland and controls the secretion of adrenal cortical hormone named as cortisol,

Effects of cortisol-
  • Antiinflammatory
  • Immuno-suppressive
  • RBC production
  • BMR regulation.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following is a chemical messenger that produced in the body region but affect a different body region?

  1. Hormones

  2. Enzyes

  3. Endocrines

  4. Nucleic acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A hormone is a class of molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms, that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior of that particular organ.
Example: Thyroxine, insulin etc
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are :

  1. TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones

  2. FH, LSH and progesterone

  3. GH, prolactin, and MSH

  4. testosterone and estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

GH, prolactin and MSH are not the releasing or inhibitory factors, they have a direct effect on the body,

  • GH(growth hormone) also called as STH(somatotrophic hormone) induces the formation of IGF and sometomedian, these compounds induces the growth of bones and other organs
$GH/STH \overset{Induce}\rightarrow IGF+ Sometomedian\rightarrow growth$
  • Prolactin also called as lactotrophic hormones induces-
  1. Growth of mammary glands
  2. Synthesis of milk
  3. synthesis of antigonadotrophin
  • MSH(melanocyte stimulating hormone) is secreted from adenohypophysis and induce metachrosis( changing of color in amphibians).

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

GH promotes :

  1. bone growth

  2. cell division

  3. protein synthesis

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored and secreted by somatotropic cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland. GH is a stress hormone that raises the concentration of glucose and free fatty acids.growth hormone promotes the growth of bones, muscles and various other organs, too much of it causes abnormal growth of all these tissues, a condition that is referred to as gigantism when it applies to children and acromegaly when it applies to adults. It synthesizes protein also.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones are substances that fall into two basic categories:

  1. stimulator hormones and receptor hormones

  2. male hormones and female hormones

  3. non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones

  4. inter-organ and inter-organismic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are a substance that falls into two basic categories which are non-steroid (peptide, insulin) hormones and steroid hormones (adrenaline, testosterone).

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of following hormone is produced by testis?

  1. Progesterone

  2. Estradiol

  3. Testosterone

  4. estrone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Testosterone is produced by testes. Testosterone, which is produced in the body by the male testes, influences men physically, emotionally and sexually. It is called the "king of hormones", testosterone is certainly the most important hormone when it comes to sexual characteristics in men.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Androgens are

  1. female sex hormone

  2. non steriod

  3. plant hormone

  4. male sex hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Androgens are male sex hormones. The main androgen is testosterone, and an additional androgen is dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is secreted mainly by the testes, but also a little bit by the adrenal cortex. In some tissues, testosterone is chemically changed into dihydrotestosterone in order to have an effect.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following is a steroid?

  1. Insulin

  2. Vitamins

  3. Cytokinins

  4. Estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogen is a steroid. Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones that control the development and maintenance of an individual's feminine characteristics. Natural estrogens exist in men as well as women, and are found in higher amounts in women, especially in those of reproductive age.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

The Muscular physique of a male is due to the influence of the Hormone is called

  1. testosterone

  2. estradiol

  3. progesterone

  4. estrone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The muscular physique of a male is due to the influence of the hormone is called testosterone.
Testosterone is a male sex hormone produced by the testes that encourages the development of male sexual characteristics and stimulates the activity of the male secondary sex characteristics.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

The hormone used as an oral contraceptive is:

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Cortisone

  3. Progesterone

  4. Testosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The hormone used as an oral contraceptive is progesterone. It is a female sex hormone and used to prevent pregnancy (progestin). 

It works by preventing the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation) and changing the cervical mucus and the lining of the uterus.

Hence, the option $C$ is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Emergency Hormone in Animals is the

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Insulin

  3. Oestrone

  4. Secretin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Emergency hormone in animals is adrenaline. This hormone is secreted  by adrenal gland and also called as 'hormones of Fight or Flight'. It prepares the body to face emergency conditions of physical stress like danger, anger, excitement; etc. It is secreted in small amounts all the time but in large amounts when a person is frightened. The target organ is heart so heart beat increases, resulting in supply of more oxygen in our muscles. It allows more supply of glucose into the blood to give us a lot of energy quickly to fight or flight from the frightening situation.