Human Endocrine System

Testosterone is used as synthetic analog by body builders illegally and unethically. Bodybuilders and athletes use these hormones to improve their performance. Steroids also help to reduce fatigue due to which sportsmen can perform tirelessly. It acts as a buffer when lactic acid is formed during physical exertion. They help athletes perform better, run faster and increase their capacity for endurance.

(A) Estrone is a female sex hormone.
(B) Testosterone is a male sex hormone.
(C) Cortisone is a steroid hormone whose main physiological effect is on carbohydrate metabolism. It is synthesized from cholesterol in the outer layer, or cortex of the adrenal gland.
(D) Thyroxine is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. The hormone thyroxine forms by combining the amino acid tyrosine with iodine. It is stored in the follicle stems between thyroid cells. Thyroxine enters into the bloodstream complexed to another protein, plasma globulin. 

The hormones used by athletes to increase the mass and strength of muscles are androgens and testosterone. They promote muscle building and increase their performance. These hormones help athletes recover from a hard workout more quickly by reducing the muscle damage that occurs during the session. This enables athletes to work out harder and more frequently without overtraining.

Option (D) is correct.
Estrogen, estradiol and progesterone all are female sex hormones. These hormones work together to promote the healthy development of female sex characteristics during puberty and to ensure fertility. Progesterone and estrogen are necessary to prepare the uterus for menstruation, and their release is triggered by the hypothalamus. Estradiol is essential in breast development, fat distribution in the hips, legs, and breasts, and the development of reproductive organs.

Combined oral contraceptive pills typically contain a synthetic estrogen, such as ethinyl estradiol, and a synthetic progestin, such as norethindrone. These two hormones work synergistically to suppress ovulation and prevent pregnancy.

Synthetic testosterone promotes muscles growth. The muscle-promoting drugs or hormonal substances that are chemically related to testosterone, in the form of injections, skin patches, creams or pills. These steroids can stimulate muscle building.

Thyroxine is a derivative of amino acid. Thyroid hormones (THs) -- thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) -- are iodinated derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine, which regulates growth, development and critical metabolic functions. THs are taken up by target cells and act at the genomic level via nuclear thyroid receptors. Saturable transport mechanisms mediate the greater part of TH movement across the plasma membrane.

The hormone insulin is secreted by pancreas. Inside the pancreas, beta cells make the hormone insulin. With each meal, beta cells release insulin to help the body use or store the blood glucose it gets from food.

The sex hormone which controls the development and maintenance of pregnancy is progesterone. Progesterone, female sex hormone that induces secretory changes in the lining of the uterus essential for successful implantation of a fertilized egg. It is secreted chiefly by the corpus luteum, a group of cells formed in the ovary after the follicle ruptures during the release of the egg cell. Progesterone is secreted during pregnancy by the placenta and acts to prevent spontaneous abortion. The hormone also prepares the mammary glands for milk production.

The hormone that prepares the uterus for the implantation of the embryo is progesterone. 
Progesterone from the corpus luteum is essential for supporting the embryos growth. During pregnancy, the placenta begins to produce progesterone about 6 to 7 weeks after the egg is fertilized. It plays an important role in the development of the foetus, stimulates the growth of maternal breast tissue, prevents lactation, and strengthens the pelvic wall muscles in preparation for labor.

Thyroxin is secreted from thyroid gland. It regulates general growth and development and controls carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
Insulin is secreted in pancreatic islets. It controls carbohydrate metabolism and maintains glucose level in the blood.
Glucocorticoids have antiinflammatory effect. They are part of the feedback mechanism in the immune system that turns immune activity (inflammation) down.
Auxins play vital role in several growth and behavioral processes in the plant's life cycle and are essential for plant body development.

The hormone which controls the contraction of uterus after child birth and also produces lactation in the mammary glands is oxytocin. Oxytocin is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The release of oxytocin include childbirth, suckling and coitus, the uterine contractions that result may facilitate either childbirth or the ascent of spermatozoa through the fallopiantubes. Oxytocin may also play a role in the initiation of labor. The milk ejection response occurs only in females immediately after childbirth.

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy.

Estrone is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary.Responsible for female sex development.

Insulin is the hormone responsible for transporting glucose from blood into tissues by promoting glucose uptake in cells, particularly muscle and adipose tissue. It lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose entry into cells. Glucagon has the opposite effect of raising blood glucose.