Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Which of the following reasons states that parathyroid is hormone is a hypercalcemic hormone?

  1. PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal
    tubules

  2. PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food

  3. PTH control the metabolism of carbohydrates,
    proteins and fats

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In humans, four parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland, one pair each in the two lobes of the thyroid gland. They secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH).
PTH increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food. it also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ by the renal tubules.PTH acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption (dissolution/demineralization). 
 Hence PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone, i.e., it increases the blood Ca2+ levels. Along with TCT(Thyrocalcitonin), it plays a significant role in calcium balance in the body

So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathyroid hormone is: 

  1. Protein

  2. Carboh

  3. Lipid

  4. Steroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a protein in nature composed of 84 amino acids. 
  • parathyroid glands make more or less parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to the level of calcium in the blood. 
  • When the calcium in our blood goes too low, the parathyroid glands make more PTH. so, option A is correct answer .

    • Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Which of the following hormones coordinate with each other to maintain ideal blood $Ca$ level?

    1. Thyrocalcitonin and glucagon

    2. Parathyroid hormone and cortisol

    3. Thyrocalcitonin and Thyroxin

    4. Thyrocalcitonin and Parathyroid hormone
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation
    • In addition, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid gland also secretes a protein hormone called thyrocalcitonin. 
    • Thyrocalcitonin(TCT) lowers blood calcium levels. It counters the actions of parathyroid hormone which increases the blood calcium level.
    • The parathyroid glands monitor the calcium in the blood 24 hours per day. The four parathyroid glands make more or less parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to the level of calcium in the blood. When the calcium in our blood goes too low, the parathyroid glands make more PTH in order to increase the blood calcium levels.
    • Hence Thyrocalcitonin and Parathyroid hormones coordinate with each other to maintain ideal blood Ca level.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Thyrocalcitonin and Parathyroid hormone'.
    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Osteoporosis is caused by

    1. Fe$^{2+}$ defeciency
    2. Na$^+$ deficiency

    3. Parathormone hyposecretion

    4. Parathormone hypersecretion
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation
    Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone density decreases and bones become weak and brittle. It occurs due to hypersecretion of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Over secretion of parathormone causes more calcium dissolution from the bones leading to decreased bone density.
    So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone hypersecretion'.
    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body is secreted by 

    1. Thyroid

    2. Parathyroid

    3. Thymus

    4. Pancreas
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation
    A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
    B. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood. This hormone also regulates phosphate excretion through urine.
    C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
    D. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
    Hence, hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body.
    So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid'.
    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Parathormone is secreted when there is 

    1. Increased Ca$^{2+}$ level in blood
    2. Decreased blood Ca$^{2+}$ level

    3. Increased blood sugar level

    4. Decreased blood sugar level
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, PTH (parathormone) is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels.

    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) control the levels of which of the following ions in blood?

    1. Calcium

    2. Sodium

    3. Potassium

    4. Chloride
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The thyroid gland secretes a protein hormone called thyrocalcitonin (TCT) which regulates the blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the calcium levels in the blood. It also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increases calcium absorption from the digested food.

    So the correct answer is calcium.

    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Hypercalcemic hormone is 

    1. Thyroxine

    2. Tri-iodo-thyronine

    3. Parathormone

    4. Thyrocalcitonin
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Parathormone is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels. The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food.

    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates:

    1. calcium balance between blood and tissues

    2. glucose balance between blood and tissues

    3. regulates sleep

    4. regulates temperature
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The parathyroid gland secretes a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The secretion of PTH is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ions. PTH increases the calcium levels in the blood. PTH also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increase calcium absorption from the digested food.

    So the correct answer is calcium balance between blood and tissue.

    Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

    Which of the following is the target of parathyroid hormone?

    1. Kidneys

    2. Bones

    3. Small intestine

    4. Pancreas

    5. All of the above
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    Parathyroid hormone regulates the level of calcium in the blood. It does this through its actions on the kidneys, bones and intestine. When  the blood calcium level is too low, the parathyroid glands release more parathyroid hormone (PTH). This causes the bones to release more calcium into the blood, increase the absorption of more calcium through food and reduces the amount of calcium released by the kidneys into the urine. 

    Multiple choice zoology diseases and hygiene health introduction to health health and its maintenance

    Which statement does not holds true for non-communicable disease?

    1. Diabetes mellitus is a non-endocrine disorder of pancreas

    2. Hypertensive heart disease includes arteriosclerosis and hypertension

    3. Myocardial infraction is a type of Coronary heart disease

    4. Rheumatic heart disease is called poor person's disease
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder of pancreas

    So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus is a non-endocrine disorders of pancreas'

    Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

    Given below is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.

    Glands Secretion Effect on body
    A Oestrogen Maintenance of secondarysexual character
    Alpha cellsof Islets ofLangerhans B Raises blood sugar level
    Anteriorpituitary C Over secretion leads togigantism

    1. A - Placenta, B - Glucagon, C - Calcitonin

    2. A - Ovary, B - Glucagon, C - Growth hormone

    3. A - Placenta, B - Insulin, C - Vasopressin

    4. A - Ovary, B -Insulin, C - Calcitonin
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    The primary function of the ovary is the production of ova. In addition to it, ovary acts like an endocrine organ where it secretes oestrogen, progesterone under the influence of FSH. Oestrogen helps to develop and maintain the secondary sexual characters. Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans which helps to maintain the glucose level by preventing glucose level from falling too low. The pituitary is the master gland of the body which controls the function of various other glands. It is divided into two lobes anterior and posterior. The posterior lobe secretes growth hormone, oversecretion of this hormone leads to gigantism and is mostly caused by a tumor in the gland. It results in the oversecretion of growth hormone. Thus the correct answer is option B.  


    Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

    Match the source gland with its respective hormone as well as the function and choose the correct option.

    Sourcegland Hormone Function
    (a) Thyroid Thyroxine Regulates blood calciumlevel
    (b) Anteriorpituitary Oxytocin Contraction of uterusmuscles during child birth
    (c) Posteriorpituitary Vasopressin Stimulates reabsorptionof water in the distaltubules in the nephron
    (d) Corpusluteum Estrogen Supports pregnancy

    1. a

    2. b

    3. c

    4. d
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland in response to reductions in plasma volume, in response to increases in the plasma osmolality, and in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) secreted by the small intestine. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. Vasopressin regulates the body's retention of water by acting to increase water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron

    Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

    Select the correct matched pair.

    (a) Pineal gland -   TSH
    (b) Corpus luteum - Secretes oxytocin
    (c) Interstitial cells - Erythropoietin
    (d) Cholecystokinin - Stimulates pancreatic enzymesecretions
    (e) Thyroxine - Adrenaline

    1. a

    2. b

    3. c

    4. d

    5. e
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    Cholecystokinin (CCK), formerly called as pancreozymin, is a digestive hormone released with secretin when food from the stomach reaches the duodenum. Cholecystokinin is secreted by cells of the upper small intestine. Its secretion is stimulated by the introduction of hydrochloric acid or fatty acids into the stomach or the duodenum. Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine. It also stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice.