Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Estrogen is secreted by

  1. Corpus albicans

  2. Corpus callosum

  3. Corpus luteum

  4. Cells of Graafian follicle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Oestrogens, in females, are produced primarily by the ovaries, and during pregnancy, the placenta. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovarian production of oestrogens by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles and corpora lutea. Synthesis of oestrogens starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. 

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Find out the incorrect combination among the following.

  1. Pituitary- FSH
  2. Thyroid- $T _4$

  3. Ovary- Calcitonin

  4. Islets of Langerhans- Insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ovaries produce and release two groups of sex hormones progesterone and estrogen. 

Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a polypeptide hormone, that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Which of following is not a protein hormone?

  1. Relaxin

  2. HCG

  3. Placental lactogen

  4. Estradiol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Relaxin, HCG and placental lactogen are protein hormones having amino acids bonded together in a polypeptide chain. Estradiol is a steroid hormone and has three cyclohexyl rings and one cyclopentyl ring joined into a single structure. Thus, the correct answer is D.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Which of the following steriod sex hormone influence secondary sex organs? 

  1. Progesterone

  2. Oestrogen

  3. LH

  4. LTH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Oestrogen is a steroid hormone which is secreted by females gonads. Oestrogen is the hormone which is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in the female at puberty. It causes the development of breasts, axial and pubic hair and fat distribution. It is also responsible for the maintenance and maturation of the sexual organs in the human body. The hormone also plays role in thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

So, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Which is the hormone that brings about changes in girls during puberty? 

  1. Estrogen

  2. Progesterone

  3. Testosterone

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogen is essential for development of secondary sex organs and external female sex characters like breasts, high pitch voice at puberty. The main function is the tissue growth and cell proliferation in specific areas of body. It promotes the development and maintenance of female reproductive structures. It assists in the control of fluid and electrolyte balance within the body, ensuring that our skin retains moisture. It prepares the follicle for the release of an egg. It controls the changes in our cervical mucus. It prepares our internal environment for fertility making it more sperm friendly.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

The hormone responsible for changes in female at puberty is

  1. Estrogen and progesterone

  2. Progesterone

  3. Testosterone

  4. Oxytocin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogens are primary female sex hormones that serve in maturation and maintenance of sex organs, development of female secondary sexual characters and initiation of menstrual cycle. Likewise, progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy and maintain the uterus if pregnancy occurs. Along with estrogens, progesterone helps initiate menstrual cycle in girls entering the puberty. Both enzymes work synergistically. 

Testosterone is male sex hormone which is responsible for development of male secondary sexual characters in males. 
Oxytocin (OT) stimulates uterine muscle contraction during childbirth and initiates release of milk by mammary gland.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Estrogens are secreted by

  1. Follicle cells

  2. Ovary

  3. Germinal epithelium

  4. Stroma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogen is the female sex hormone. It is mainly secreted by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles (in ovary) under the influence of FSH. These hormones are also released by the corpus luteum (after the egg has been released from the follicle) and from the placenta. It is responsible for maintaining the secondary sexual characteristics in female. In males, it helps in the sperm maturation. It also thickens the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle for pregnancy. So, the correct option is A.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Identify the mis-matched pair.

  1. Thyroid gland: Thyroxine

  2. Ovary: Estrogen

  3. Pancreas: Auxin

  4. Adrenal medulla: Adrenaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

a) Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone which targets all tissues and stimulates metabolic rate, growth, and development. 

b) Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted by developing follicles in the ovary. It serves to stimulate the growth of the uterus and the vagina, is necessary for egg maturation as well as for the development of the secondary sex characteristics in females. 
c) The pancreas is a large organ present in the abdomen and serves as both endocrine and exocrine organ. The endocrine parts of the pancreas are islets of Langerhans that produce and secrete insulin and glucagon hormones. Auxin is a plant growth hormone. 
d) Adrenaline is an emergency hormone secreted by adrenal medulla under an emergency condition to prepare the body for flight or fight response. 

Thus, option C is the mismatched pair.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters of female is 

  1. Progesterone

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Estrogen

  4. Andogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
B. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
C. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs and secondary sexual characters.
D. Androgen is a sexocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex. It stimulates the deposition of protein in muscles and nitrogen retention in males.
So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Female sex hormone is 

  1. Estrogen

  2. Androgen

  3. Insulin

  4. Adrenaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs.
B. Androgen is a sexocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex. It stimulates the deposition of protein in muscles and nitrogen retention in males.
C. Insulin is secreted from the ββ-cells of islet of Langerhans and regulates blood glucose levels.
D. Adrenaline, also known as emergency hormone, is secreted from the adrenal medulla. This hormone is associated with maintenance of homeostasis in body and is secreted in response to any kind of stress or emergency in the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Ovarian hormones are usually

  1. Proteinaceous

  2. Steroids

  3. Amines

  4. Modified amino acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Different hormones have different chemical nature depending on the molecules they are made up of.
A. Proteinaceous hormones are peptide hormones made up of proteins.
B. Steroids hormones are derived from cholesterol. These hormones are produced in the form of lipids.
C. Amines are the hormones which are amino acid derivatives.
D. Some hormones are formed by modification of amino acids. 
Ovarian hormones are steroids. They are derived from cholesterol. For example, progesterone and oestrogen.
So, the correct answer is 'Steroids'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Due to deficiency of which hormone, bones becomes weak in female?

  1. ACTH

  2. TSH

  3. Progesterone

  4. Oestrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Osteoporosis (fragile or weak bones) is very common in women during their menopause because of the depletion of the oestrogen levels in their blood. Oestrogen is a sex hormone which is important for female bone health because it promotes the activity of osteoblasts, which are cells involved in the formation of bone. Thus, the correct option is D.