Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

You see a dog running towards you and you felt that your respiration and heart beat has started increasing and then you also started running. Which hormone has been responsible for this?

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Cortisone

  3. Insulin

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The production of adrenaline occurs in the adrenal glands, which sit above the kidneys. Adrenaline is responsible for the fight-or-flight reaction to a threat, and it triggers specific processes in the body. For example, it might make the body send extra oxygen to the lungs to aid a person to run away.


Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

The endocrine system which of the following functions?

  1. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating gene expression.

  2. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating dominant genes.

  3. The endocrine system is responsible for releasing, monitoring and regulating hormones.

  4. The endocrine system is responsible for communication between sensory systems.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The endocrine system do not regulate gene expression nor controls the release of dominant genes. It is also not responsible for communication between sensory system but is responsible for releasing, monitoring and regulating hormones.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Steroid hormones regulate gene activity through

  1. Transcription

  2. Binding with specific DNA sites

  3. Removing the repressor molecules

  4. The formation of a receptor complex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Steroids, though actually enter the cell and interact with steroid receptor proteins to control gene expression. In steroid receptor proteins, the N-terminal region of the protein is required to activate transcription. Negative and positive autoregulatory feedback loops serve to limit or augment hormonal responses, respectively. Autoregulation of the mRNAs encode oestrogen, progesterone, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors by the steroid hormones in reproductive tissues. These post-transcriptional mRNA effects cause steroid hormones to impact the expression of a large population of genes. 

Multiple choice biology the endocrine system feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

A ........................... mechanism regulates the action of hormones.

  1. Feed back

  2. Cascade

  3. Both A and B

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Feedback mechanism is the mechanism of the body to maintain the levels of hormones in the body in the desired limits. An increase or decrease in the levels of the hormones triggers the feedback mechanism.
The body has two types of feedback mechanisms, positive and negative feedback mechanism.
Example:
Negative feedback mechanism: Whenever there is a change in the normal state, the messages are sent to ‘increase’ secretions if there is a fall below normal or to ‘decrease’ secretions if there is a rise above normal to restore the normal body state. Such a mechanism is called a negative feedback mechanism. The increase in the blood sugar level stimulates the secretion of insulin so that the sugar level is maintained. If the blood sugar level falls below normal, then it stimulates the secretion of glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, and thus, the normal sugar level is maintained.

So, the correct answer is 'Feed back'.
Multiple choice biology the endocrine system feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by

  1. Inhibiting hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin releasing hormone or CRH

  2. Inhibiting anterior pituitary's ability to respond to CRH

  3. Inhibiting the epinephrine

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • One distinctive feature of hormones whose secretion is regulated through the hypothalamus and pituitary is that they regulate their own secretion through negative feedback inhibition. 
  •  for example, cortisol binds to its receptor on cells in the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis, and has the effect of inhibiting secretion of tropic hormones: in this case, CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) and ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). 
  • Less tropic hormone secretion leads to less stimulation of cortisol secretion by cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Hence, Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. In addition to its function in a stress response, it functions in negative feedback by Inhibiting hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone or CRH and  Inhibiting anterior pituitary's ability to respond to CRH. 
So, the correct answer is 'both A and B.
Multiple choice biology the endocrine system feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Besides corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) which other hormone also stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)?

  1. Glucagon

  2. Insulin

  3. Aldosterone

  4. Epinephrine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine acts on nearly all body tissues and its actions vary by tissue type and tissue expression of adrenergic receptors. The  β adrenergic receptor binding helps in increasing the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary glands.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Hormonal secretions are controlled by

  1. Feedback mechanism

  2. Autosomal disorder

  3. Genetic disorder

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

'Too much, slow down or too little, speed up' -this is the feedback mechanism. the body has a mechanism to maintain a normal state. Whenever there is a change in this state there are messages through the body systems to increase if there is a fall below the normal, or decrease if there is rise above the normal.  This kind of ordering for the opposite Is negative feedback to restore the normal state. examples of positive feedback mechanisms are very few. One example is that of uterine contractions during childbirth. The normal state of the uterus is uncontracted, one contraction instead of commanding to come to normal gives a message to continue further (positive feedback till the delivery is completed).

So, the correct answer is 'Feedback mechanism'.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph

  3. Capillary

  4. Vein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Endocrine glands are the glands of the endocrine system of our body that secretes their hormones, products, directly into the blood. Pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands are the major endocrine glands. In contrast to these glands, some glands release their hormones with the help of a duct onto the epithelial surface and are called endocrine glands. Some of these are sweat gland, mammary gland, lacrimal gland, salivary gland, sebaceous gland, mucous gland etc. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following hormones is a steroid?

  1. Prostaglandin

  2. Estrogen

  3. Thyroxine

  4. Adrenaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into two classes : Corticosteroids and sex steroids. Within those two classes are the five types according to the receptors to which they bind : glucocorticoid,  mineralocorticoids, androgens, estorgens and progesterone. 

So the correct option is "Estrogen".

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood. ............. transports it to the target organs .................. 

  1. Blood, target organ

  2. Effector organ, blood

  3. Ducts, target organ

  4. Capillaries, target organ
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood for transportation to the effector organ. The effector organ can also be called as a target organ. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

  1. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

  2. Organs in the body like gastrointestine tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones

  3. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones

  4. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adenohypophysis is not under direct regulation of the hypothalamus. Neurohypophysis is under direct regulation of the hypothalamus.

Organs in the body like gastrointestine tract produce peptide hormones, heart produce atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) hormone, kidney produce erythropoietin and liver produce angiotensinogen.
Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger. They are secreted from endocrine glands. They act on their target organ and carry out specific functions.
Releasing and inhibitory hormone like Thyrotropin releasing hormone and dopamine, respectively, are produced by the hypothalamus.
Statement C is correct in relation to the endocrine system.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Choose the correct option among the following.

Column A Column B
A. Epinephrine (i) Stimulates in muscle growth
B. Testosterone (ii) Decrease in blood pressure
C. Glucagon (iii) Breakdown of liver glycogen
D. Atrial natriuretic factor (iv) Increases heart beat

  1. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)

  3. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  4. A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A. Role of epinephrine and non- epinephrine- They whip up metabolism for preparing the animal to face special conditions created by physical stress such as fall in BP or blood sugar, anger, fear etc..All these conditions require more energy which is provided by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, sugar level of blood.

B. Testosterone- It stimulates the development of male accessory sex characters such as hair on the face, growth and distribution of hair on the body, stronger bones and muscles.
C. Glucagon- It is secreted by alpha cells of the islands of Langerhans in response to a fall in the blood glucose level. It brings about change of liver glycogen to blood glucose( glycogenolysis).
D. Atrial natriuretic factor- The cells, called cardiocytes, of the atria secrete a peptide, ANF in response to an increased return of the venous blood. This hormone regulates the blood volume through increased excretion of ions and water.
So, the correct answer is 'A-(iv), B-(1), C-(iii), D-(ii)'.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following match is correct?

  1. Hormone-Oxytocin, Effect-Milk ejection hormone

  2. Hormone-Glucagon, Effect-Decreases blood sugar level

  3. Hormone-Adrenaline, Effect-Decreases heart rate

  4. Hormone-Thyroxine, Effect-Decreases BMR
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oxytocin- Milk ejection hormone
Glucagon- Increases blood sugar level
Adrenaline- Increases heart rate
Thyroxine- Increases BMR.