Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Given below are four statements (A - D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
(A) Thymus secretes (i)_ which help in differentiation of (ii).
(B) The adrenal medulla secretes (i) which stimulates the breakdown of (ii) to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
(C) The Leydig's cells or (i) present in the intertubular spaced in testis, produce a group of hormone called (ii).
(D) Thyroid gland secrestes __(i)_ and triiodothyronine. (ii) is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid.

  1. (A) - (i) melatonin, (ii) T- lymphocytes
    (B) - (i) adrenaline, (ii) fat

  2. (B) - (i) catecholamines, (ii) glycogen
    (C) - (i) interstitial cells, (ii) progesterone

  3. (B) - (i) catecholamines, (ii) glycogen
    (D) - (i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine

  4. (A) - (i) thymosin, (ii) T- lymphocytes
    (D) - (i) parathyroid hormone, (ii) calcium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

1.       (B) The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines which stimulate the breakdown of glycogen to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.

(D) The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Iodine is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland.

So, the correct answer is '(B) - (i) catecholamines, (ii) glycogen
(D) - (i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine'.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Match column I (hormone) with column II (endocrine gland) and column Ill (function) and select the correct option from the given codes.

Column I Column II Column III
1. Melatonin A. Thyroid (i) Acts on the renal tubules
2. MSH B. Adrenal (ii) Regulates blood calcium level
3. Aldosterone C. Pituitary (iii) Maintains diurnal rhythm of our body
4. TCT D. Pineal (iv) Acts on the melanocytes

  1. 4-A-(iv), 3-D-(iii), 1-B-(ii), 2-C-(i)

  2. 1-D-(iii), 2-C-(iv), 3-B-(i), 4-A-(ii)

  3. 1-B-(i), 4-A-(iii), 3-C-(ii), 2-D-(iv)

  4. 2-D-(ii), 1-B-(i), 4-C-(iv), 3-A-(iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Melatonin is secreted from Pineal gland and maintains diurnal rhythm of our body. MSH is secreted from Pituitary and actson melanocytes. Aldosteron is secreted from Adrenal gland and  acts on renal tubules. TCT is secreted from Thyroid gland and regulates blood calcium level. 
So, the correct option is '1-D-(iii), 2-C-(iv), 3-B-(i), 4-A-(ii)'
Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Select the right match of endocrone gland and their hormones among the options given.

A. Pineal (i) Epinephrine
B. Thyroid (ii) Melatonin
C. Ovary (iii) Estrogen
D. Adrenal medulla (iv) Tetraiodothyronin

  1. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(i)

  2. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(iii)

  3. A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. Pineal: It secretes a hormone named melatonin. It causes the concentration of pigment granules in the melanocytes, making the skin colour lighter in certain animals.

B. Thyroid: The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin. T$ _4$ regulate oxidation of food. Excess cause goitre.
C. Ovary: It secretes Oestrogen, Progesterone, Relaxin. Estrogen function is to develop female genital organs and accessory sexual characters. 
D. Adrenal medulla: It releases epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. Its function is to whip up metabolism in an emergency by increasing heartbeat, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood sugar level etc.
So, the correct answer is 'A-(ii), B- (iv), C-(iii), D-(i)'.

Multiple choice zoology coordination introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Select the answer which correctly matches endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes its function/deficiency symptom.

  1. Endocrine- Thyroid gland, Hormone- Thyroxine, Function/gland Deficiency symptoms- Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

  2. Endocrine Corpus luteum, Hormone- Testosterone, Function/gland Deficiency symptoms- Stimulates spermatogenesis

  3. Endocrine- Anterior pituitary, Hormone- Oxytocin, Function/gland Deficiency symptoms- Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth

  4. Endocrine-Posterior, Hormone- Growth hormone(GH), Function/gland Deficiency symptoms-Over secretion stimulates abnormal growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland, and its deficiency due to lack of iodine leads to goitre. The other options contain incorrect pairings of glands, hormones, or functions.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Anaphylactic shock is caused due to the release of which of the following hormone?

  1. Adrenalin

  2. Histamine

  3. Glucagon

  4. Somatostatin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Histamines are the inflammatory substances which are released by the mast cells and basophils during the allergic reactions. The excessive release of histamine may result in anaphylactic shock. Anaphylaxis is a type of severe allergic reaction which can result in the death of the person. Antihistamines are used for the treatment and cure of the allergic reactions.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice hmp shunt alternative to glycolysis carbohydrate metabolism respiration bio-chemistry

Which one of the following hormone never reaches to cytoplasm?

  1. Estrogen

  2. FSH

  3. Progesterone

  4. Testosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

FSH is a proteinaceous hormone. It does not enter its target cells, thus, it never reaches to cytoplasm. Instead, it binds to the receptor present on the cell membrane and activates a membrane bound enzyme that causes conversion of ATP to cAMP. This then alters the activities of enzyme in the cytoplasm.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism glucose metabolism the need for energy in living organism respiratory function

Which hormone secreted by thyroid gland ?

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Adrenalin

  3. Testosterone

  4. Phyrotrophic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes that are located on either side of the trachea.
  • Follicular cells of the thyroid gland synthesize two hormones, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine ($T _4$) and triiodothyronine ($T _3$). 
  • Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the basal metabolic rate. 
  • Hence the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is thyroxine.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Thyroxine'.
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

When both ovary of rat are removed then which hormone is decreased in blood : -

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Prolactin

  3. Estrogen

  4. Gonadotrophic releasing factor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
If both the ovaries are removed then the blood plasma level of estrogen will be affected as it is produced by theca interna cells of Graafian follicles. Estrogen regulates growth and development of female accessory reproductive organs, secondary sexual characters and sexual behaviour.

So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen
Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Low level of progesterone and estrogen in blood stimulate 

  1. FSH-RH production

  2. LH production

  3. GH production

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Low levels of progesterone and estrogen trigger the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to release gonadotropins. This negative feedback loop stimulates the production of FSH and LH to initiate a new cycle.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Which hormone induces the development of corpus luteum?

  1. LH

  2. Estrogen

  3. FSH

  4. LTH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During menstruation cycle, maturation of the follicle is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary, and oestrogen secreted by the follicle lining cells. 

Ovulation is triggered by a surge of luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary, which occurs a few hours before ovulation. After ovulation, the follicle lining cells develop into the corpus luteum (yellow body), under the influence of LH from the anterior pituitary. The corpus luteum produces the hormone progesterone and some oestrogen. 
If the ovum is fertilised it embeds itself in the wall of the uterus, where it grows and develops and produces the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone and oestrogen for the first 3 months of the pregnancy, after which time this function is continued by the placenta. If the ovum is not fertilised the corpus luteum degenerates and a new cycle begins with menstruation. 
At the site of the degenerate corpus luteum an inactive mass of fibrous tissue forms, called as the corpus albicans. 

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Which type of hormone controls the menstrual cycle in human being 

  1. LH

  2. FSH

  3. Progesterone

  4. FSH, LH, Estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The menstrual cycle is a complex process regulated by the interplay of several hormones. FSH, LH, and estrogen work together to manage follicle development, ovulation, and uterine lining changes.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

GnRH secreted from hypothalamus mainly stimulates the release of

  1. Thyroxin from thyroid gland

  2. ADH from posterior pituitary

  3. FSH and LH from anterior pituitary

  4. Aldosterone from adrenals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the two gonadotropins—luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)—by the anterior pituitary gland. In order to increase serum gonadotropin concentrations in patients with GnRH deficiency, the releasing hormone must be administered in pulses.
So the correct option is ' FSH and LH from anterior pituitary'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

Estrogen is secreted by-

  1. Primary follicle

  2. Graafian follicle

  3. Corpus luteum

  4. Both (2) & (3)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A primary follicle is surrounded by single or several layers of cuboidal, granulosa cells. It is an immature ovarian follicle. Based on the number of granulosa cell layers, the developing ovarian follicles can be categorised into three classes: primary follicles, secondary follicles, and early tertiary follicles.

So, the correct option is 'Primary follicle'.

Multiple choice biology coordination hormonal control of menstrual cycle regulation of the menstrual cycle life processes in living organisms- part 2

The direct function of GnRH is to

  1. Stimulate production of estrogen and progesterone

  2. Initiate ovulation

  3. Inhibit secretion of pituitary hormones

  4. Stimulate secretion of LH and FSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are called gonadotropins because stimulate the gonads - in males, the testes, and in females, the ovaries. They are not necessary for life but are essential for reproduction. These two hormones are secreted from cells in the anterior pituitary called gonadotrophs. Most gonadotrophs secrete only LH or FSH, but some appear to secrete both hormones.

So the correct option is 'stimulate secretion of LH and FSH'.