Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice mitosis structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division cell division biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Angiotensinogen is a protein secreted by

  1. Juxtaglomerular cells

  2. Macula densa cells

  3. Endothelial cells

  4. Liver cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Angiotensinogen is a plasma protein produced and secreted by liver cells. It is a sole precursor of all angiotensin peptide. Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin which acts on angiotensinogen to release angiotensin I and then it is converted to angiotensin II by the action of enzyme angiotensin-converting enzymes.
So, the correct answer is 'Liver cells'.
Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Which of the following is produced by genetic engineered bacteria?

  1. thyroxine

  2. insulin

  3. glucagon

  4. ADH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified or Genetically engineered bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. These organisms are now used for several purposes and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. Insulin is normally produced by it.

So, the correct option is 'insulin'.

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

During the processing of the prohormone "proinsulin" into the mature "insulin".

  1. C-peptide is added to proinsulin

  2. C-peptide is removed from proinsulin

  3. B-peptide is added to proinsulin

  4. B-peptide is removed from proinsulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both C-Peptide and mature insulin are biologically active. Cell components and proteins in this image are not to scale. Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the INS gene.

So, the correct option is 'C-Peptide is removed from proinsulin'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans
Pick up the hormone which is not secreted by human placenta.

  1. hCG

  2. hPL

  3. Prolactin

  4. Estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin is a hormone secreted in mammals (lactotrophs), usually females and stimulates the mammary gland to produce milk. This hormone is also called luteotropin or luteotropic hormone. The major source of prolactin is the anterior pituitary regulated by the hypothalamus, however, several other tissues synthesize and secrete this hormone. All the other hormones in the options such as hCG, hPL, and estrogen are secreted by the placenta.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Prolactin'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, is secreted by

  1. Placenta

  2. Ovary

  3. Anterior pituitary gland

  4. Posterior pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta is a cushion like tissue which supports the embryo and facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and also the removal of carbon dioxide and excretory waste materials produced by the embryo. It also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone, and relaxin etc.

So, the correct option is 'Placenta'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Identify the placental hormone

  1. Insulin

  2. Vasopressin

  3. Somatotropic hormone

  4. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Human chorionic hormone (hCG) is placental hormone concerning with maintenance of pregnancy. 

Insulin is a pancreatic hormone while vasopressin and somatotropic hormone (growth hormone) are secreted from pituitary gland.
So, the correct option is 'Human chorionic hormone'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Placenta produces

  1. GH

  2. ACTH

  3. Progesterone

  4. Gastrin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • GH and ACTH are secreted by the cells of the anterior pituitary.
  • Gastrin hormone is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric mobility.
  • The growing placenta produces progesterone prevents the shedding of the uterine lining since this would result in pregnancy loss. It also suppresses the ability of the muscular layer of the uterine wall to contract, which is important in preventing labour from occurring before the end of pregnancy.
  • So, the correct option is 'Progesterone'.
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by

  1. Pituitary

  2. Ovary

  3. Placenta

  4. Uterus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During implantation of the zygote in the uterus, the chorionic villi and the uterine endometrium become interdigitated with each other and form the placenta. The placenta supplies oxygen/nutrients to the developing fetus and also removes carbon dioxide and waste products from the fetus. Placenta also acts as an endocrine tissue and secretes several hormones like Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), estrogen, progesterone etc.

So the correct answer is C.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by 

  1. Chorion

  2. Amnion

  3. Corpus luteum

  4. Placenta

  5. Ovaries
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta is an organ, that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination etc. hCG is human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, that can be found in maternal blood and urine shortly after implantation has occured. hCG is present only during pregnancy as it is secreted by the placenta. The syncytical layer of chorionic villi of placenta secretes hCG.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Chorionic gonadotropic hormone is secreted by 

  1. Ovary

  2. Pituitary

  3. Uterus

  4. Placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced during pregnancy.
  • It is made by cells formed in the placenta, which nourishes the egg after it has been fertilized and becomes attached to the uterine wall.
  • Its levels can first be detected by a blood test about 11 days after conception and about 12-14 days after conception by a urine test.
So, the correct option is 'Placenta'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Several hormones like hCG, hPL, estrogen and progesterone are produced by

  1. Pituitary

  2. Ovary

  3. Placenta

  4. Fallopian tube
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta produces two steroid hormones, Estrogen and Progesterone along with a few proteinaceous hormones which include human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), placental growth hormone, relaxin and kisspeptin. These hormones function to support pregnancy during the gestation period.

So, the correct option is 'Placenta'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is secreted by

  1. Chorion

  2. Amnion

  3. Placenta

  4. Corpus luteum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy. It is a pregnancy indicating hormone.

Corpus luteum secretes mainly progesterone and small quantity of estrogen.
While amnion and chorion are extraembryonic Membranes separating the fetus from the endometrium.
So, the correct option is 'Placenta'.