Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hormone which is not produced in women only during pregnancy is 

  1. hCG

  2. hPL

  3. hCS

  4. Estrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophins), hPL (Human Placental Lactogen), hCS (human Chorionic somatomammotropin) are the hormones secreted by placenta so they are released during pregnancy only as the placenta is formed in pregnancy only. Placenta release other hormones as Estrogen and progesterone but these hormones are released by ovaries even in non-pregnant females. Therefore, hCG, hPL, and hCS are exclusively released in pregnancy from placenta.

So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones of placenta coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Several hormones like hCG, hPL, Oestrogen, Progesterone are produced by

  1. Ovary

  2. Placenta

  3. Fallopian tube

  4. Pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Hormones secreted by the placenta are  Estrogen, Progesterone, hCS, hPL & hCG. The placenta is an endocrine gland that is only present during pregnancy. hCG or the human chorionic gonadotrophin is secreted in excess amount in early pregnancy. IT's presence in urine is used for the pregnancy test. hCS or human placental somato mammotropin is also called placental lactogen. It acts a mild growth hormone. 
So the correct option is 'placenta'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

___________ hormone regulates blood glucose level.

  1. Insulin

  2. Thyroidx

  3. Growth hormone

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy. 
  • Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver. Except in the presence of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

Which of the following hormone controls the biological clock of ageing?

  1. Thymosin

  2. Insulin

  3. Pancreas

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The thymus gland secretes a peptide hormone called Thymosin. Thymosin plays a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity. In addition, thymosins also promote the production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity.
  • The thymus gland is degenerated in old individuals resulting in a decreased production of thymosins. As a result, the immune responses of old persons become weak.
  • Hence Thymosin hormone controls the biological clock of ageing by promoting immunity in adult and by degeneration in older individuals.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Thymosin'.
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the kidney?

  1. Renin

  2. Renomedullary prostaglandin

  3. Erythropoietin

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The human kidney secretes many hormones: erythropoietin (EPO), calcitriol, vitamin $D _3$, as well as the enzyme renin. The kidneys also produce prostaglandins.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The hormone secreted by kidney is

  1. Gastrin

  2. Secretin

  3. Erythropoietin

  4. Aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine (protein signaling molecule) for erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow.

Under hypoxic conditions, the kidney produces and secretes erythropoietin to increase the production of red blood cells.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is the hormone secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of kidney which stimulates the formation of RBC?

  1. Cholecystokinin

  2. Erythropoietin

  3. Secretin

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A.Cholecystokinin is a hormone which is secreted by cells in the duodenum and stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
B.Erythropoietin is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys. 
C.Secretin,a hormone released into the bloodstream by the duodenum.
So,the correct option is 'Epinephrine'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin by

  1. Renin

  2. ADH

  3. ANF

  4. Aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Angiotensinogen is a precursor protein made in the liver for a hormone called angiotensin I. 
  • And renin catalyzes a reaction that converts the angiotensinogen protein into angiotensin I, which is a precursor hormone that is converted to an active hormone called angiotensin II by an enzyme known as an angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs. Hence, Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin by renin.
So, the correct answer is 'renin'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce a peptide hormone

  1. Gastrin

  2. Secretin

  3. Estradiol

  4. Erythropoietin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Erythropoietin is a  peptide hormone produced primarily by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
  • Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
  • The resulting rise in red cells increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
  •  As the prime regulator of red cell production, erythropoietin's major functions are to promote the development of red blood cells. Hence, Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce a peptide hormone called Erythropoietin.
So, the correct answer is 'Erythropoietin'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is both hormone and enzyme?

  1. ADH

  2. Angiotensinogen

  3. Acetylcholinesterase

  4. Renin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Renin is a hormone produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
  • Renin also acts as an enzyme in the conversion of angiotensin-1 to its active form, angiotensin-2 involved in constriction of blood vessels. Hence renin is both a hormone and an enzyme. Hence, renin is both a hormone and enzyme.
So, the correct answer is 'renin'.

Multiple choice botany flower to flower flower: parts of a flower flower and pollination calyx and corolla importance of pollination

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by human placenta?

  1. hCG

  2. Estrogens

  3. Progesterone

  4. LH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

LH is the hormone that is not secreted by human placenta. It is secreted by anterior pituitary. Initially during pregnancy, hCG performs the function of LH of maintaining corpus luteum for the secretion of progesterone. Later (around 16th week) in pregnancy, when placenta itself starts secreting estrogen and progesterone, corpus luteum regresses.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Which one of the following statements is correct?

  1. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, but not vice versa

  2. Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa

  3. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, and nervous system regulates endocrine glands

  4. Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Endocrine system, like the nervous system, is meant for internal communication and regulation of the animal body. These two systems operate in a coordinated way on many occasions. Many important functions of the endocrine system are infact, under the control of nervous system. Therefore, the two systems are often collectively called as neuroendocrine system

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Which part of the body produces the Growth Hormone Releasing Factor (GHRF) ?

  1. Thyroid Gland

  2. Hypothalamus

  3. Pituitary Gland

  4. Pineal Gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as somatocrinin or by several other names in its endogenous forms and as somatorelin (INN) in its pharmaceutical form, is a releasing hormone of growth hormone (GH). It is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Which of the following hormone helps the body in extreme conditions?

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Cortisone

  3. Thyroxine

  4. Stimulating Hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cortisone secreted by the Peripheral Cortex of the Adrenal Gland helps body during extreme condition such as high or low temperature. It also helps in burns and several infections.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

  1. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that acts as intercellular messenger are known as hormones

  2. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

  3. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

  4. Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce ay hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are defined as non-nutrient chemicals produced in trace amounts that act as intercellular messengers. Option B is wrong because the hypothalamus produces releasing/inhibitory hormones, not the pituitary. Option C is wrong because the adenohypophysis is under hormonal, not direct neural, control. Option D is wrong because many organs like the heart and kidney produce hormones.