Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
The hormone that controls the output of urine is:

  1. epinephrine

  2. vasopressin

  3. aldosterone

  4. oxytocin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Epinephrine is related to the adrenal gland and is released during stress or emergency situation. 

(B) Vasopressin is stimulated when there is excessive loss of fluid from the body. This facilitates water reabsorption from the latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis. 
(C) Aldosterone Acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretion of K+ and phosphate ions.
(D) Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction.
So the correct answer is vasopressin.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Given are four statements(A-D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blank in any two statements.
(A) Thymus secretes _____(i) which help in differentiation of _(ii).
(B) The adrenal medulla secretes _(i) which stimulates the breakdown of _(ii) to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
(C) The Leydig's cells or __(i) present in the intertubular spaces in testis, produce a group of hormone called __(ii).
(D) Thyroid gland secretes ___(i) and triiodothyronine which contain ______(ii)

  1. (A)-(i) melatonin, (ii) T-lymphocytes, (B)- (i) adrenaline, (ii) fat

  2. (B)- (i) catecholamine, (ii) glycogen, (C)-(i) interstitial cells, (ii) glycogen

  3. (B)-(i) catecholamine, (ii) glycogen, (D)- (i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine

  4. (D)- (i) parathyroid hormone, (ii) calcium, (A)-(i) thymosin, (ii) B- lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamine  which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
Thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine which contain iodine.
So, the correct option is '(B)-(i) catecholamine, (ii) glycogen, (D)-(i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine'
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of the following hormone is correctly matched with it's source and function?

  1. Vasopressin - Anterior pituitary - Induces reabsorption of water in nephron

  2. Oxytocin - Anterior pituitray - Contraction in uterine muscles during birth (parturation)

  3. Thymosin - Thymus - Helps in differentiation of T - Lymphocyte
  4. Glucagon - Pancreatic $ \alpha $ cells- Induces the uptake of utilization of glucose inside cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The thymus gland, located behind the sternum and between lungs, is only active until puberty. After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat. Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the differentiation of disease-fighting T cells.

So, the correct answer is 'Thymosin - Thymus - Helps in the differentiation of T - Lymphocyte'.

Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Thymosin hormone is secreted by 

  1. Thyreid

  2. Thymus

  3. Parathyroid

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
C. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.
Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of these is the correct combination for gland, hormone and its function?

  1. Anterior pituitary - oxytocin - contraction of uterine muscles

  2. Anterior pituitary - vasopressin - induces reabsorption of water in nephron

  3. Thymus - thymosin - proliferation of T-lymphocytes
  4. $\alpha$-cells - glucagon - uptake of glucose by cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
B. Vasopressin or Anti diuretic hormone (ADH), is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
D. Glucagon is secreted from αα-cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. It increases blood sugar level by stimulating glycogenolysis (i.e. break down of glucose) and gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose).
Hence, option C is the correct combination for gland, hormone and its function.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus - thymosin - proliferation of T-lymphocytes'.
Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of the following helps in differentiation of cells of immune system?

  1. Cortisol

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Thymosin

  4. Steroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Cortisol is secreted by adrenal cortex of adrenal gland. It produces anti-inflammatory reactions and suppresses the immune response.
B. Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid hormone. It controls basal metabolic rate and physical growth.
C. Thymosin is secreted by thymus gland. It plays a major role in the differentiation of T -lymphocytes which provide cell-mediated immunity.
D. Steroids are secreted by adrenal cortex of adrenal medulla. Example aldosterone, cortisol, androgens.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymosin'.
Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Which of the following hormones controls metamorphosis in a frog?

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Insulin

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Metamorphosis includes the developmental changes during the life span of an organism. The thyroxine hormone released from the thyroid gland brings the developmental changes during the metamorphosis. Thyroxine regulates the metabolism of an organism.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Name the hormone released during the following events$:$
Development of a caterpillar to moth

  1. Testosterone

  2. Juvenile hormone

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Growth hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Metamorphosis refers to the way that organisms develop, grow, and change form.
  • Metamorphosis majorly occurs in insects.
  • metamorphosis has four stages i.e egg, larva, pupa and adult.
  • Caterpillars, maggots and grubs are all just the larval stages of insects.
  • The hormone released during the development of a caterpillar to moth(adult insect) is called juvenile hormone(JH).
So, the correct answer is 'Juvenile hormone'.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Which of the following hormone regulates the metamorphosis of insects?

  1. Pheromone

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Ecdysone

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Molting hormone or Ecdysone is produced by the prothoracic glands which regulates metamorphosis.
  • It's principle function is to stimulate a series of physiological events (collectively known as apolysis) that lead to synthesis of a new exoskeleton.
  • During this process, the new exoskeleton forms as a soft, wrinkled layer underneath the hard parts (exocuticle plus epicuticle) of the old exoskeleton.
So, the correct option is 'Ecdysone'.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Which of the following hormones regulates growth and metamorphosis in insects?

  1. Brain hormone

  2. Juvenile hormone

  3. Prothoracicotrophic hormone

  4. Ecdysone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The process of growth and metamorphosis in insects is controlled by secretions of prothoracic glands and corpora allata which are ecdysone and juvenile hormone respectively.
  • Ecdysone stimu­lates growth and shedding of the old cuticle of the larva and the new cuticle is formed beneath the old cuticle.
  • The juvenile hormone keeps the larval cells active and also controls the qualitative changes in the body during metamorphosis.
So, the correct option is 'Juvenile hormone' and 'Ecdysone'.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

The appropriate description of animal hormones is _____________.

  1. Have size smaller than 5 kDa

  2. Comprise of proteins only

  3. Comprise of lipid molecule only

  4. Are pour directly into the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Animal hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands. A defining characteristic is that they are secreted directly into the bloodstream to reach target organs.

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Estrogen is secreted by

  1. Liver

  2. Spleen

  3. Ovaries

  4. Pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Estrogen is secreted by follicles on the ovaries and is also secreted by the corpus luteum after the egg has been released from the follicle and from the placenta.
  •  Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovarian production of estrogens by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles and corpora lutea.
  • Hence estrogen is secreted by Ovaries.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Ovaries'.
Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

Ovulation hormone is 

  1. FSH

  2. ICSH

  3. LH

  4. Testosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The average length of the menstrual cycle is about 28 days. By convention the days of the cycle are numbered from the beginning of the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, which usually lasts about 4 days. This is followed by the proliferative phase (about 10 days), then by the secretory phase (about 14 days). 

The secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular phase, and stimulates follicular development as well as secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles. Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle (about 14th day). Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle is called as LH surge, induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of ovum (ovulation).

Multiple choice female reproductive structure reproductive system of human hormones, homeostasis, and reproduction human physiology biology

In mammals the female secondary sexual characters are developed mainly by the hormone

  1. Relaxin

  2. Estrogens

  3. Progesterone

  4. Ganadotropins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones. They promote the development of female accessory/secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, and are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycle.