Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

$\beta$ cells in the islet of Langerhans of man comprise.

  1. $60\%$ to $90\%$
  2. $40\%$ to $50\%$
  3. Less than $40\%$

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the human pancreas, beta cells are the most abundant cell type within the islets of Langerhans, typically comprising about 60 to 80 percent of the islet cells.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Growth hormone is secreted by

  1. Acidophilic $\alpha$ - cells
  2. Acidophilic $\beta$ - cells
  3. Basophilic $\alpha$ - cells
  4. Basophilic $\beta$ - cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Pituitary gland has two parts; adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Adenohypophysis has two types of cells, chromophobe cells and chromophil cells. Chromophil cells are divided into acidophilic or alpha cells and basophilic or beta cells depending upon whether they stain with acidic or basic dyes.
Growth hormone (GH) is secreted from acidophilic cells i.e. alpha cells (α) of anterior pituitary. It stimulates body growth and metabolism.
So, the correct answer is 'Acidophilic αα - cells'.
Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Alloxan treatment destroys 

  1. STH cells

  2. Sertoli cells

  3. Leydig's cells
  4. $\beta$- cells of islets of Langerhans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. STH or somatotropin hormone is known as growth hormone and stimulates body growth and carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism.
B. Sertoli cells are part of seminiferous tubules and help in spermatogenesis (production of sperms from germ cells) as they provide nourishment to the developing sperms.
C. Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells are present in the testis near seminiferous tubules. They secrete testosterone hormone which helps in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.
D. ββ-cells of islets of Langerhans are part of pancreas and secrete insulin hormone which regulate blood glucose levels.
Alloxan is a toxic analogue of glucose which destroys insulin producing cells of pancreas i.e. ββ-cells of islets of Langerhans.
So, the correct answer is 'ββ-cells of islets of Langerhans'.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Glucagon is produced by 

  1. Peptic cells

  2. Oxyntic cells

  3. Alpha cells

  4. Beta cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Peptic cells secrete pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin enzyme that degrades proteins).
B. Oxyntic cells, also known as parietal cells, secrete HCl (Hydrochloric acid) in the stomach.
C. Alpha cells are part of islets of Langerhans in pancreas and secrete glucagon hormone which increases blood sugar level.
D.  Beta cells are part of islets of Langerhans in pancreas and secrete insulin hormone which decreases blood sugar level.
So, the correct answer is 'Alpha cells'.
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is produced in

  1. Adrenals

  2. Thyroid

  3. Pituitary

  4. Thymus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Growth hormone is released into the bloodstream from the anterior pituitary gland. Growth hormone release is caused by another hormone (growth hormone-releasing hormone), which is released from the hypothalamus and it causes the pituitary gland to release the growth hormone.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The follicle stimulating hormone is secreted from

  1. Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

  2. Reproductive gland

  3. Thyroid gland

  4. Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein and gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released by the hypothalamus. It helps in the development of follicles in female and triggers Sertoli cells to initiate spermatogenesis in the male.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormones FSH and LH are together called as

  1. Emergency hormone

  2. Neurohormone

  3. Gonadotropic hormone

  4. Antistress hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The hormones FSH and LH are together called as gonadotropin hormones. They are called the gonadotropins as they stimulate gonadal activity. The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) releases following gonadotrophic hormones:

  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): In males, FSH regulates spermatogenesis (formation of sperms) and in females, FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen hormone.
  2. Luteinizing hormone (LH): In males, LH is also called ICSH (interstitial cell-stimulating hormone) which stimulates testes to synthesize and secrete androgens (testosterone). It activates Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone. In females, LH stimulates the ovulation of the fully matured Graafian follicles and also maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of Graafian follicles after ovulation. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen under the action of LH.
So, the correct answer is 'Gonadotropic hormone'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotropic hormone is produced by

  1. Interstitial cells of testis

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Adenohypophysis

  4. Posterior part of thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); prolactins (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH). Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones and tropic hormones. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone is concerned with the concentration of urine?

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Vasopressin

  3. Prolactin

  4. Cortisol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vasopressin also known as ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) is made up by hypothalamus and it is transported to posterior pituitary gland which secretes the hormone into the blood stream. Its functions:

1. It helps to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels. 
2. However, Its most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of our body by reducing the amount of water (making it more concentrated) which passed out in the urine. Hence option B is correct.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

MSH is secreted in man by which part of pituitary?

  1. Anterior Pituitary

  2. Dorsal lobe of pituitary

  3. Posterior lobe of pituitary

  4. Intermediate lobe of pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In vertebrates, the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland which is about the size of a pea. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Androgens are secreted by 

  1. Pituitary

  2. Testes

  3. Ovaries

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Androgens are a group of hormones, that primarily influence the growth and development of the male reproductive system. The predominant and most active androgen is testosterone, which is produced by the male testes. The other androgens, which support the functions of testosterone, are produced mainly by the adrenal cortex, the outer portion of the adrenal glands and only in relatively small quantities.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone is produced by placenta?

  1. GH

  2. Gastrin

  3. ACTH

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta connects the developing foetus to the wall of the mother’s uterus during pregnancy.

The placenta produces two steroid hormones - oestrogen and progesterone. Progesterone acts to maintain pregnancy by supporting the lining of the uterus which provides the environment for the foetus and the placenta to grow. It prevents the shedding of this lining which would result in pregnancy loss. It also suppresses the uterine wall’s ability to contract, which is important in preventing labour from occurring before the end of pregnancy. Hence option D is correct.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

LH and FSH are collectively called as

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Somatotropin

  3. Luteotrophin

  4. Gonadotropin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

LH and FSH are collectively called as gonadotropin. They are called the gonadotropins as they stimulate gonadal activity. The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) releases following gonadotrophic hormones:

  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) : In males, FSH regulates spermatogenesis (formation of sperms) and in females, FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen hormone.
  2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) : In males, LH is also called ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) which stimulates testes to synthesise and secrete androgens (testosterone). It activates Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone. In females, LH stimulates the ovulation of the fully matured Graafian follicles and also maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of Graafian follicles after ovulation. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen under the action of LH.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotropic hormones are 

  1. Estrogen and progesterone

  2. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

  3. Testosterone and androsterone

  4. Prolactin and luteotropin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gonadotropins (or glycoprotein hormones) are protein hormones secreted by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. It includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), placental chorionic gonadotropins hCG and chorionic gonadotropin.