Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormones FSH and LH are together called as

  1. Emergency hormone

  2. Neurohormone

  3. Gonadotropic hormone

  4. Antistress hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The hormones FSH and LH are together called as gonadotropin hormones. They are called the gonadotropins as they stimulate gonadal activity. The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) releases following gonadotrophic hormones:

  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): In males, FSH regulates spermatogenesis (formation of sperms) and in females, FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen hormone.
  2. Luteinizing hormone (LH): In males, LH is also called ICSH (interstitial cell-stimulating hormone) which stimulates testes to synthesize and secrete androgens (testosterone). It activates Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone. In females, LH stimulates the ovulation of the fully matured Graafian follicles and also maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of Graafian follicles after ovulation. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen under the action of LH.
So, the correct answer is 'Gonadotropic hormone'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotropic hormone is produced by

  1. Interstitial cells of testis

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Adenohypophysis

  4. Posterior part of thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); prolactins (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH). Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones and tropic hormones. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone is concerned with the concentration of urine?

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Vasopressin

  3. Prolactin

  4. Cortisol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vasopressin also known as ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) is made up by hypothalamus and it is transported to posterior pituitary gland which secretes the hormone into the blood stream. Its functions:

1. It helps to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels. 
2. However, Its most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of our body by reducing the amount of water (making it more concentrated) which passed out in the urine. Hence option B is correct.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Androgens are secreted by 

  1. Pituitary

  2. Testes

  3. Ovaries

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Androgens are a group of hormones, that primarily influence the growth and development of the male reproductive system. The predominant and most active androgen is testosterone, which is produced by the male testes. The other androgens, which support the functions of testosterone, are produced mainly by the adrenal cortex, the outer portion of the adrenal glands and only in relatively small quantities.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone is produced by placenta?

  1. GH

  2. Gastrin

  3. ACTH

  4. Progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The placenta connects the developing foetus to the wall of the mother’s uterus during pregnancy.

The placenta produces two steroid hormones - oestrogen and progesterone. Progesterone acts to maintain pregnancy by supporting the lining of the uterus which provides the environment for the foetus and the placenta to grow. It prevents the shedding of this lining which would result in pregnancy loss. It also suppresses the uterine wall’s ability to contract, which is important in preventing labour from occurring before the end of pregnancy. Hence option D is correct.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

LH and FSH are collectively called as

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Somatotropin

  3. Luteotrophin

  4. Gonadotropin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

LH and FSH are collectively called as gonadotropin. They are called the gonadotropins as they stimulate gonadal activity. The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) releases following gonadotrophic hormones:

  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) : In males, FSH regulates spermatogenesis (formation of sperms) and in females, FSH stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen hormone.
  2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) : In males, LH is also called ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) which stimulates testes to synthesise and secrete androgens (testosterone). It activates Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone. In females, LH stimulates the ovulation of the fully matured Graafian follicles and also maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of Graafian follicles after ovulation. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen under the action of LH.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotropic hormones are 

  1. Estrogen and progesterone

  2. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

  3. Testosterone and androsterone

  4. Prolactin and luteotropin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gonadotropins (or glycoprotein hormones) are protein hormones secreted by gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. It includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), placental chorionic gonadotropins hCG and chorionic gonadotropin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is secreted by 

  1. Acidophilic cells

  2. Acidotrophic cells

  3. Basophilic cells

  4. Neurotrophic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The acidophils are the somatotropic cells and the lactotrophic cells. Thus, growth hormone and prolactin are secreted by acidophilic cells. In the anterior pituitary, the term acidophil is used to describe two different types of cells: somatotrophs, which generate somatotropin (also known as growth hormone) and mammotrophs, which generate prolactin.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Growth hormone is produced in

  1. Pituitary

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Thyroid gland

  4. Gonads
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The growth process begins in the hypothalamus. When the hypothalamus releases growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), the anterior pituitary is stimulated to release growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone then acts on the liver and other tissues and stimulates them to secrete insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 directly promotes the development of bone and muscle, causing bones to grow in length, and muscles to increase protein synthesis.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormones, that maintains the secretory activity of the corpus luteum and increase in the size of the mammary glands are

  1. Estrogen

  2. Luteinizing

  3. Luteotrophin

  4. Gonadotrophin

  5. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin is a peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands. Progesterone, secreted from the corpus luteum, prolongs the secretion of prolactin. Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland produces a secretion, which causes a dramatic darkening of the skin of many fishes, amphibians and reptiles. It is 

  1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

  2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

  3. Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

MSH is important in the regulation of melanin synthesis in cells called melanophores (a type of chromatophore) that are in the skin of amphibians, some fishes, and reptiles. Light reflected from water surface stimulates photoreceptors, which send information to the hypothalamus. Pituitary MSH then causes the pigment synthesis in the melanophores to disperse and the skin to darken.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gonadotrophic hormones are produced in the

  1. Posterior part of thyroid

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Adenohypophysis of pituitary

  4. Interstitial cells of testis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior pituitary is also known as the adenohypophysis, meaning glandular undergrowth. Gonadotropes (LH and FSH) are secreted from the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ovulation cycle in female mammals, while in the males, LH stimulates the synthesis of androgen. FSH helps in the growth of the reproductive system.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following is neuropeptide hormone?

  1. Vasopressin

  2. Insulin

  3. ACTH

  4. Glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone, also known commonly as vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary. It has two principal sites of action: the kidney and blood vessels. Its two primary functions are to retain water in the body and to constrict blood vessels. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which one of the following statements about sex hormones is correct?

  1. Testosterone is produced by Leydig cells under the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH).

  2. Progesterone is secreted by corpus luteum and soften ligaments during child birth.

  3. Estrogen is secreted by both Sertoli cells and corpus luteum.

  4. The progesterone produced by corpus luteum is biologically different from the one produced by placenta.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the male, luteinizing hormone promotes the development of the interstitial tissue (Leydig cells) of the testes and hence promotes the secretion of the male sex hormone, testosterone.