Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,395 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Peptide hormones:

  1. are received by a receptor located in the plasma membrane

  2. are received by a receptor located in the cytoplasm

  3. bring about the transcription of DNA

  4. both (a) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones produce their effects on target tissues by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissue only. Hormone receptors present on the cell membrane of the target cells are called membrane-bound receptors and the receptors present inside the target cell are called intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors (present in the nucleus. 

So the correct answer is are received by a receptor located in the plasma membrane.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

A major difference in the mechanism of action between steroid hormones and peptide hormones is that

  1. Steroid hormones do not affect the synthesis of proteins whereas peptide hormones affect the activity of proteins already in the cell

  2. Target cells react more rapidly to steroid hormones than they do to peptide hormones

  3. Steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein whereas peptide hormones bind to G protein

  4. Steroid proteins affect metabolism, whereas peptide hormones affect the membrane permeability
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
 Steroids hormone Peptide hormones 
 It does not affect the synthesis of protein  Peptide hormone affect only protein 
 Target cell react more rapidly under the action of steroid hormone Target cell react slowly 
 Steroid hormones bind the nuclear receptors (protein receptor)  Peptide hormone can bind to G protein
 Steroid hormones affect metabolism.  Peptide hormone affects the membrane permeability. Because peptide hormone binds only on the receptor which is present on the plasma membrane.

So, the correct answer is ' Option A '

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Which one of the following is proteinaceous in chemical nature?

  1. oxytocin

  2. Estrogen

  3. Progesterone

  4. Testosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The oxytocin  is a G protein coupled receptor which requires Mg2+ and cholesterol. It belongs to the rhodopsin-type group of G protein coupled  receptors. The peripheral actions of oxytocin mainly reflect secretion from the pituitary gland. Chemical nature of oxytocin is proteinaceous . So the correct answer is 'Oxytocin' 

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Which of the following hormones is a polypeptide? 

  1. LH

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Insulin

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Polypeptide hormones are hormones made up of amino acids that are secreted by the endocrine system and distributed to end organs through the circulating blood. Endocrine organs that secrete peptide hormones include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenals, ovaries, endocrine pancreas, and adipose tissues.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

How many of these hormones are lipid soluble?
Progesterone, Estrogen, Epinephrine, Cortisol, Norepinephrine, Thyroxine, Prolactin, Aldosterone.

  1. Three

  2. Five

  3. Eight

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Dissolve in fats rather than in water. These are usually formed from cholesterol. Therefore fat-soluble hormones can pass through cell membranes.
Sex hormones or gonadal steroids are examples of the lipid-soluble hormone, like, Testosterone, Progesterone & Oestrogen. Other steroids, including Glucocorticoids such as cortisone &Mineralocorticoids such as Aldosterone, are the types of lipid-soluble hormones.
So the correct option is ' Three '.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

The given table enlists various hormones and their chemical nature. Select the option which completes the table.

Hormone Chemical composition
(i) Peptide
Testosterone (ii)
Thyroxine (iii)
(iv) Amino-acid derivative

  1. (i)-Cortisol, (ii)-Steroid, (iii)-Polypeptide, (iv)-Estradiol

  2. (i)-Oxytocin, (ii)-Protein, (iii)-Iodothyronin, (iv)-Epinephrine

  3. (i)-Cortical, (ii)-Protein, (iii)-Amine, (iv)-Estradiol

  4. (i)-Oxytocin, (ii)-Steroid, (iii)-Iodothyronine, (iv)-Epinephrine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

(i) Peptides: These hormones are further of two types: Short peptide and long peptide.

Short peptide: The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Long peptide: The hormones insulin and glucagon from the pancreas.
(ii) Steroid: The hormones from adrenal cortex, testes, ovaries and placenta are steroids. So, testosterone is a steroid.
(iii) Amino acid derivative: The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla and thyroxine from the thyroid gland are derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
So, the correct answer is '(i)- Oxytocin, (ii)- Steroid, (iii)- Iodothyronine, (iv)- Epinephrine'.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Blood pressure and heart beat is regulated by

  1. Insulin

  2. Adrenalin

  3. Optic nerve

  4. Growth hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is a neurotransmitter which regulates the contraction and relaxation of the heart. The effect of adrenalin is known as the fight-or-flight response. It increases the heart beat.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

When a person suffers from a marked fall in blood pressure, it is helpful to administer the hormone:

  1. thyroxine

  2. adrenaline

  3. insulin

  4. parathormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenal medulla secrets adrenaline in response to stress and emergency condition. These hormones increase alertness, pupillary dilation, sweating etc. Both the hormones increase the heartbeat, the strength of heart contraction, blood pressure, rate of respiration.

So the correct answer is adrenaline.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Aldosterone affects the regulation of sodium. It is. secreted in response. to:

  1. increased blood pressure

  2. increased calcium levels

  3. decreased blood volume or cardiac output

  4. increased sodium levels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When renal blood flow is reduced, the enzyme renin is secreted by the kidney cells. This promotes the conversion of angiotensinogen, produced by the liver, to angiotensin, which stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys. This raises the blood volume and the flow of blood through the kidneys, suppressing renin production and reducing aldosterone secretion.

So the correct answer is decreased blood volume or cardiac output. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

The hormones that initiate ejection of milk, stimulates milk production and growth of ovarian follicles are respectively known as 

  1. PRL, OT and LH

  2. PRL, ADH and FSH

  3. LH, PRL and FSH

  4. PRH, OT and LH

  5. PRH, OT and FSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) activates the anterior pituitary to initiate production and ejection of breast milk through the production of prolactin. Oxytocin along with prolactin hormone stimulates milk production. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before ovulation.

Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Thyrotropin - releasing factor (TRF) is produced by 

  1. Cerebrum

  2. Optic lobe

  3. Cerebellum

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called as thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF), is a tropic, tripeptidal hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, that stimulates the release of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

Multiple choice biology chemical messages for homeostasis hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following statements about 'neuro-hypophysis' is correct?

  1. It stores the hormones produced by adenohypophysis

  2. It is poorly developed and functionless in humans

  3. It stores and releases hormones secreted by hypothalamus

  4. It secretes its own hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neurohypophysis or the posterior lobe of pituitary gland consists of axonal endings of neurosecretory neurons located in hypothalamus. Oxytocin and vasopressin are the hormones secreted by hypothalamus but stored and released by neurohypophysis.

Multiple choice biology chemical messages for homeostasis hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Pituicytes are under the control of ____________.

  1. Adenohypophysis

  2. Hypothalamus

  3. Neurohypophysis

  4. Both (a) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pituicytes are the cells found in the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. The hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin released by pituicytes are actually produced by hypothalamus.

Multiple choice biology chemical messages for homeostasis hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Somatostatin is produced in.

  1. Adenohypophysis

  2. Neurohypophysis

  3. Pineal gland

  4. Basal part of diencephalon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Somatostatin is produced from the hypothalamus(one part of the diencephalon) inhibits the pituitary gland's secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone. So, the correct answer is option D.