Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

In the vertebrates, the hormones which control osmoregulation are?

  1. Vasopressin and thyrotropin

  2. Aldosterone and corticotropin

  3. Thyrotropin and corticotropin

  4. Vasopressin and aldosterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Kidneys play a very large role in human osmoregulation by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules, which is controlled by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone(ADH), aldosterone and corticotropin. 

So, the correct answer is 'Aldosterone and corticotropin'

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

The major hormones associated with excretion in mammals are

  1. Antidiuretic hormone

  2. Adreno-cortico hormones

  3. Both A and B

  4. Thyroid hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The primary hormone involved in regulating water loss is the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). When the body has excess water, cells in the hypothalamus of the brain respond and send a signal to the pituitary and only a small amount of ADH is released and water is lost. When we are dehydrated these same brain cells cause more ADH to be released and water leaves the collecting duct and is returned to the blood. Thus reducing the volume of urine. Adrenocortico hormones are secreted by adrenal cortex under the influence of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The major adrenal cortex enzymes are mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. The mineralocorticoids act on kidney tubules and help in maintaining sodium and potassium balance.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin by

  1. Parathyroid hormone

  2. Androgen

  3. Aldosterone

  4. Renin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is a key step in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

During summer season, which hormone concentration is maintained at high level?

  1. Insulin

  2. Vasopressin

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Corticoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

During the summer season, The hormone whose concentration is maintained at a high level is Vasopressin or ADH(antidiuretic hormone). When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH.ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidneys and prevents diuresis. Hence it is also called antidiuretic hormone.

So, the correct answer is 'Vasopressin'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following hormone helps to prevent the diuresis?

  1. FSH

  2. LH

  3. MSH

  4. ADH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The term diuresis refers to the excessive production of urine. When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH.ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption by kidneys and prevents diuresis. Hence it is also called antidiuretic hormone.

So, the correct answer is 'ADH'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

The hormone ADH is released from the 

  1. Adenohypophysis

  2. Neurohypophysis

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The hormone ADH (vasopressin) is released from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland). ADH is synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored in the neurohypophysis. When blood volume is decreased or sodium concentration of blood is increased due to dehydration the ADH is released from the neurohypophysis. ADH causes retention of water by kidneys and maintains blood volume.

So, the correct answer is 'Neurohypophysis'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Intake of ORS inhibits secretion of

  1. Vasopressin

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Melatonin

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release Vasopressin. Vasopressin(ADH) decreases the volume of urine by increasing the facultative absorption of water by kidneys and prevents diuresis. ORS (oral rehydration salt) replaces the lost fluids and essential salts, prevent dehydration and maintain blood volume. Hence Intake of ORS inhibits secretion of vasopressin.

So, the correct answer is 'Vasopressin'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

  1. Macula densa cells

  2. Endothelial cells

  3. Liver cells

  4. Juxtaglomerular

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Angiotensinogen is a plasma protein produced and released into the circulation by the liver cells. It is also known as renin substrate. It is the component of the renin-angiotensin system, a hormone system which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. So, the correct answer is 'Liver cells'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which one of the following is also known as the antidiuretic hormone?

  1. Oxytocin

  2. Vasopressin

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Calcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body. 

ADH is also called arginine vasopressin. It’s a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. 
So the correct answer is 'Vasopressin'. 

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

The function of renin is 

  1. Stimulation of corpus luteum

  2. Vasodilation

  3. To reduce blood pressure

  4. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The function of renin is to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II in response to fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR. Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. It also activates adrenal cortex  to release aldosterone. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of $Na^{+}$ and water from distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR.
So, the correct answer is 'Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

If the concentration of urine  decreases .......... hormone will be released.

  1. LH

  2. FSH

  3. ADH

  4. Oxytocin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) LH is Luteinising Hormone which is not involved in the concentration of urine.

B) FSH is Follicle Stimulating Hormone which is not involved in the concentration of urine.
C) ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) is responsible for retaining water from the urine and preventing diuresis (dilute urine).
D) Oxytocin is the maternal hormone produced during child birth which is not involved in the concentration of urine.
So the correct answer is 'ADH'.

Multiple choice evs digestion of food types of ecological pyramids the muscular system and digestive system in human beings introduction to human digestive system

Find the odd out and state category of rest ;

  1. Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Pepsin

  2. Cortisone , Somatotropin, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Vasopressin

  3. Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

  4. Urea, Creatinine, Ammonia, Uric acid

  5. Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A)Pepsin is not a nitrogenous base.

(B)Cortisone, Somatotropin, Adrenocorticotropic, Vasopressin are all hormones.
(C)Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus are all parts of the brain.
(D)Urea, Creatinine, Ammonium, Uric acid are all nitrogen-based products.
(E)Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes are all compounds of blood cells.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Pepsin.'

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Hormones can be differentiated from neurotransmitters on the basis of the fact that

  1. Hormones modify cellular activity

  2. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream

  3. Hormones produce a change in animal behavior

  4. Hormones attach to receptors on the cell surface

  5. Hormones are released in response to external stimuli
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messenger that is released from an axon terminal of a neuron in response to an action potential. Whereas a hormone is a long distance chemical mediator that is secreted by an endocrine gland into the blood which is transported to target cells. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Which of the following hormones is derived from a single amino acid?

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Estradiol

  4. Epinephrine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones can be classified based on their chemical nature like amino acid derivative hormones, peptide hormones, iodothyronines and steroid hormones. Hormones like epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine are derived from amino acids. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by renal medulla. These are derived from single amino acid tyrosine. Thyroxine is released by thyroid gland. It is also derived from tyrosine amino acid by the addition of iodine.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Epinephrine.'