Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Gonadotropin releasing hormone is transferred to anterior pituitary by

  1. left coronary artery

  2. hypophysial portal artery

  3. axons of neurosecretory cells

  4. nuclei of hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is a hormone responsible for releasing FSH and LH  from anterior pituitary gland. It is transferred to the anterior pituitary gland by the hypophysial portal artery. 

So, the correct option is 'Hypophysial portal artery'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Gonadotropin releasing hormone is formed by

  1. Adenohypophysis

  2. Pars intermedia

  3. Neurohypophysis

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Adenohypophysis is anterior pituitary which consists of pars distalis and pars intermedia. Pars distalis produces growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Pars intermedia produces melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
B. Pars intermedia is part of adenohypophysis which produce melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
C. Neurohypophysis is posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones oxytocin and vasopressin.
D. Hypothalamus secrete gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and somatostatin hormone.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hormones of hypothalamus are known as

  1. Regulatory hormones

  2. Growth hormones

  3. Trophic hormones

  4. Angiotensin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The hormones produced by the hypothalamus are called regulatory hormones (releasing or inhibiting hormones) because they control the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

The primary target of the hormones of hypothalamus is 

  1. Pineal gland

  2. Thymus

  3. Pituitary

  4. Testis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
B. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart.
C. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
D. Testis are the primary sex organs in males that secrete the hormone testosterone.
The hormones secreted by hypothalamus reach the pituitary gland through circulatory system and regulate the functions of anterior part of pituitary gland. Hence, the primary target of hormones of hypothalamus is pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Pituitary'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

The releasing hormones are produced by

  1. Testis

  2. Pancreas

  3. Pituitary

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Testis are the primary sex organs in males that secrete the hormone testosterone.
B. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
C. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. Two types of hormones are produced by hypothalamus, releasing hormones that stimulate the secretion of pituitary hormones and inhibiting hormones that inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hypothalamus controls the production of which of the following pituitary hormones?

  1. ACTH (corticotropin), GH (growth hormone) and ADH (vasopressin)

  2. FSH and progesterone

  3. TSH (thyrotropin) and cortisol

  4. LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland. It increases the flow of blood to adrenal cortex and also increases the concentration of cholesterol and steroids. This result in increased output of steroid hormone cortisol from adrenal cortex.
  • GH (Growth hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates body growth and carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism.
  •  ADH (Anti diuretic hormone )or Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and seminiferous tubules in males.
  • Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
  • TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates the function and growth of thyroid gland.
  • Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex and regulates carbohydrate metabolism , storage of glycogen and increased reabsorption of sodium and water from the renal tubules.
  • Luteinizing hormone or LH is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females. In males this hormone is called interstitial cell stimulating hormone or ICSH and affects the Leydig cells of testes.
Hence, LH, ACTH and TSH are secreted from pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

The hormone responsible for the regulation of metabolism
of calcium and phosphorus is secreted by

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroid and thyroid both

  3. Thymus

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parathyroid and thyroid hormones regulates the amount of calcium and phosphate in extra cellular fluid. It promotes the absorption of calcium from food in intestine, it accelerates elimination of phosphates in urine.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by 

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Adenohypophysis

  3. Pars intermedia

  4. Neurohypophysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by hypothalamus. It stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. TSH, also known as thyrotropin stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine hormone. Thyroxine increases the consumption of oxygen in metabolically active tissues and regulates metabolic rate of the body. Hyposecretion of TRH leads to hypothyroidism.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Somatostatin 

  1. Stimulates glucagon release and inhibits insulin release

  2. Stimulates release of insulin and glucagon

  3. Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon

  4. Inhibits glucagon release and stimulates insulin release
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Somatostatin is secreted from hypothalamus and inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland. It is also produced in pancreas. Pancreas have three types of cells:
  1. Alpha cells: secrete glucagon which increases blood glucose level
  2. Beta cells: secrete insulin which decreases blood glucose level
  3. Delta cells: secrete somatostatin which inhibit secretion of glucagon and insulin.
So, the correct answer is 'Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Somatostatin (GHIH) is secreted by

  1. Pituitary

  2. Thyroid

  3. Pineal

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
C. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
Somatostatin, also known as GHIH (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone) is secreted from hypothalamus and inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Somatostatin is produced by

  1. Adenohypophysis

  2. Neurohypophysis

  3. Pineal gland

  4. Basal part of diencephalon and Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Somatostatin is known as growth hormone-releasing inhibiting hormone. It inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland. Growth hormone stimulates body growth. Somatostatin is secreted from hypothalamus which represents basal part of diencephalon in forebrain. It inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
So, the correct answer is 'Basal part of diencephalon'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

What is the effect of GnRH produced by hypothalamus?

  1. Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens

  2. Stimulates secretion of milk in mammary glands

  3. Stimulates fetal ejection reflex

  4. Stimulates synthesis of carbohydrates from non-carbohydrates in liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH), stimulates the anterior lobe of pituitary gland(adenohypophysis) to secrete two gonadotropins, FSH and LH. In males LH stimulates the Leydig's cells of the testis to secrete androgens.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

During danger, emotional or during struggle etc., secretion of which hormone increases ____________.

  1. Vasopressin

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Abscissic acid

  4. Ethylene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vasopressin (ADH) levels often increase during stress or danger to help maintain blood pressure and fluid balance. Options C and D are plant hormones, and Oxytocin is primarily associated with childbirth and social bonding.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone is secreted by:

  1. pituitary

  2. hypothalamus

  3. cerebellum

  4. gonads
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
GH- RH ( Gonadotropic releasing hormone ) secretes growth hormone (GH). GH or STH (Growth or Somatotropin Hormone) stimulates body growth, protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. The hormone is secreted by adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Hypersecretion of this hormone during the period of skeletal growth causes gigantism characterized by excessive growth of bones, with the enlargement of internal organs as well. Hypersecretion in adulthood causes acromegaly. Here the bones become abnormally thick due to ossification of periosteum and thickening of soft tissues as well. 
So the correct answer is hypothalamus.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

The gastrointestinal hormone, which stimulates insulin secretion is 

  1. Gastrin

  2. CCK

  3. Secretin

  4. GIP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. The function of GIP is to induce insulin secretion, which is stimulated primarily by hyper osmolarity of glucose in the duodenum.