Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Choose the odd one w.r.t. locations of source cells for hormone.

  1. Gastrin

  2. Enterogastrone

  3. Secretin

  4. Duocrinin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The gastrin hormone is secreted by the pyloric stomach located adjacent to the duodenum. This hormone stimulates the gastric glands to release gastric juice and regulates the movement of the stomach. 

Secretin is produced by the small intestinal mucosa region. It may inhibit the gastrin secretion and stomach movement. Both enterogastrone and duocrinin hormones are released from duodenal mucosa. Enterogastrone regulates gastric contraction and inhibits production of gastric juice. Duocrinin stimulates the viscous mucosa secretion from Brunner's gland into the intestinal juice. 
So, the correct answer is option A, Gastrin. 

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Which of the following hormone regulates the cardiac activity?

  1. Epinephrine

  2. Parathrome

  3. Thymosine

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cardiac activity is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system through the epinephrine. It fastens the heartbeat and the cardiac output so that more concentration of oxygen can be supplied to the body parts.

A. Epinephrine regulates the cardiac activity.
B. Parathormone is released by the parathyroid gland and is involved in calcium balance mechanism.
C. Thymosin is released by the thymus gland and it is involved in maturation of the T-cells.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Epinephrine'

Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals movements in plants coordination in plants tropic and nastic movements in plants

The term synergistic action of hormones refers to

  1. When two hormones act together but bring about opposite effects.

  2. When two hormones act together and contribute to the same function.

  3. When one hormone affects more than one

  4. When many hormones bring about any one function.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Growth, differentiation and development processes of plants are found to be regulated by two or more phytohormones acting synergistically or antagonistically, e.g. cell division is promoted by both auxins and cytokinins acting synergistically. Cell growth is controlled by auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. Morphogenesis is an interplay of auxins and cytokinins, where both must be present in some minimum concentration.
So the correct answer is 'When two hormones act together and contribute to the same function.'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following hormones are released by mechanical stimulation of stomach?

  1. Gastrin

  2. Progesterone

  3. Secretin

  4. Pancreozymin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option A i.e. "Gastrin"
Stimuli in the stomach and small intestine activate or induce gastric juice production. The gastrin in digestive acid secretion is induced by the mechanical and chemical stimulation of stomach.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

VIP hormone is produced in

  1. Pancreas

  2. Intestine

  3. Gall bladder

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  •  Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas, intestine and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain. Hence, VIP hormone is produced in Pancreas and Intestine. 
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

VIP hormone stimulates the

  1. Intestinal secretion of water and electrolyte

  2. Pancreatic secretion of insulin

  3. Intestinal secretion of peptides

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a 28-amino-acid polypeptide secreted by cells throughout the intestinal tract. 
  • It stimulates the secretion of electrolytes and water by the intestinal mucosa.
  • Some pancreatic islet-cell tumours secrete excessive amounts of VIP (a condition called Verner-Morrison syndrome, or pancreatic cholera). VIP-secreting tumours cause severe, intractable, debilitating watery diarrhoea and an associated loss of large quantities of potassium. The resulting dehydration may be life-threatening. Hence, VIP hormone stimulates the Intestinal secretion of water and electrolyte.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Intestinal secretion of water and electrolyte'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Cholecystokinin involves in

  1. Controlling growth

  2. Controlling stress

  3. Controlling appetite

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. 
  • Cholecystokinin, officially called pancreozymin, is synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. 
  • Cholecystokinin also increases the release of fluid and enzymes from the pancreas to break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
  •  Cholecystokinin seems to be involved with appetite by increasing the sensation of fullness in the short-term, that is, during a meal rather than between mealsHence, Cholecystokinin involves in Controlling appetite.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Controlling appetite'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following cell secretes cholecystokinin hormone?

  1. Alpha cell

  2. Beta cell

  3. F cell

  4. I cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cholecystokinin, officially called pancreozymin, is synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells or I-cell in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine.
  •  Its presence causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively, and also acts as a hunger suppressant. Hence, I cell secretes cholecystokinin hormone.
So, the correct answer is 'I cell'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following hormone stimulates the lipase activity?

  1. VIP

  2. Gastin

  3. Duocrinin

  4. GIP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) or gastro inhibitory peptide, also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones. 
  • While it is a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, its main role is to stimulate insulin secretion.  
  • It is synthesized by K cells, which are found in the mucosa of the duodenum and the jejunum of the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, the GIP  hormone stimulates the lipase activity
So, the correct answer is 'GIP'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Increase in ........... hormone levels results in the sensation of hunger and motivation to consume food.

  1. Leptin

  2. Ghrelin

  3. Nectin

  4. Calcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Leptin is a hormone, made by fat cells, that decreases your appetite.
B. Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced and released mainly by the stomach with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas, and brain. It has numerous functions. It is termed the 'hunger hormone' because it increases appetite, also plays a role in body weight.
C. The nectins, a family of four immunoglobulin superfamily members (nectin 1 to 4), interact through their extracellular domains to support cell-cell adhesion.
D. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by suppressing osteoclast activity in the bones and increasing the amount of calcium excreted in the urine.
So, the correct answer is "Ghrelin".
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Name the hormone whose secretion is stimulated by the acidic chyme in intestine.

  1. VIP

  2. GIP

  3. Duocrinin

  4. Gastrin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Duocrinin is a postulated gastrointestinal hormone that is liberated by the contact of gastric contents with the intestine and that stimulates the secretory activity of the duodenal glands (Brunner glands). Hence, Duocrinin  the hormone whose secretion is stimulated by the acidic chyme in intestine.
So, the correct answer is 'Duocrinin'.