Biology · General Awareness

Human Endocrine System

1,530 Questions

The human endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Competitive exams frequently test the specific roles of hormones such as adrenaline, insulin, and progesterone. Use these questions to master the locations and functions of different hormones.

Hormone functionsIslets of LangerhansFight or flight responseBlood pressure regulationFemale sex hormonesWater soluble hormones

Human Endocrine System Questions

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following hormones is responsible for hoarseness in voice, beard, moustaches etc. in males?

  1. Gonadotropic hormone

  2. Adrenaline

  3. Thyroid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The secretion of pituitary gonadotrophic hormones is stimulated by gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and modulated by testicular hormones. At the onset of puberty, the pituitary gland secretes GnRH, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In response, the hypothalamus release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the male system. LH enters the testes, stimulating the Leydig cells to release testosterone. Testosterone hormone is responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics like deepening of the voice, the growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and the beginnings of the sex drive.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following hormones governs the metabolism of carbohydrates?

  1. Corticoids

  2. Glucagon

  3. Insulin

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin and glucagon work synergistically to keep blood glucose concentrations normal. An elevated blood glucose concentration results in the secretion of insulin which leads to glucose transportation into body cells. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose is low. Glucagon's function is to cause the liver to release stored glucose from its cells into the blood. Corticoids are also responsible for the regulation of glucose metabolism. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Glucagon hormone is secreted by

  1. Pituitary

  2. Adrenal

  3. Beta cells of islets of Langerhans

  4. Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Alpha cells are endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Thy are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hormones of neurohypophysis are formed in

  1. Pars nervosa

  2. Pars distalis

  3. Supraoptic and paraventricular center

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The posterior pituitary is the part of the brain that extends down from hypothalamus; the posterior pituitary and infundibulum are together termed as neurohypophysis. Pars nervosa is the posterior lobe of pituitary associated with neurohypophysis while pars distalis is anterior lobe of the adenohypophysis. Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus secrete oxytocin and vasopressin which are then stored and released into blood stream via neurohypophysis. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone secretion is under nervous control?

  1. Adrenal cortex

  2. Anterior pituitary

  3. Posterior pituitary

  4. Pineal body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones of the adrenal cortex and pineal body are under control of tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. The hormonal secretion of anterior pituitary is under control of regulatory hormones of the hypothalamus. The hormones of posterior pituitary are stored in axon ending and are secreted under nervous control. Thus, the correct answer is C.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Life saving hormone are secreted by

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Pineal gland

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Thyroid gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone of the adrenal cortex is life-saving hormone because it serves to retain sodium and water to maintain a sufficient blood volume for circulation. So, it maintains the osmolarity and volume of ECF. The pituitary gland regulates secretion of other endocrine glands. Pineal gland secretes melatonin that regulates body’s daily rhythms. Thyroid hormones regulate the basic metabolic rate. Thus, the correct answer is C.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Both organs of which set secretes hormones?

  1. Spleen- Brain

  2. Intestine- Eye

  3. Spleen- Liver

  4. Testes- Placenta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The main hormone secreted by the testes is testosterone, an androgenic hormone. The placenta is an endocrine gland, that is only present during pregnancy. It secretes human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG), which is present only during pregnancy.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Secretion of estrogen is controlled by 

  1. HCG

  2. Progesterone

  3. LH

  4. FSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The synthesis and secretion of estrogen is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is, in turn, controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Progesterone hormone is secreted from 

  1. Placenta

  2. Corpus luteum

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The corpus luteum in the ovaries is the major site of progesterone production in humans, progesterone is also produced in smaller quantities by the ovaries themselves, the adrenal glands and, during pregnancy, the placenta.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

"Anti abortion" hormone is 

  1. Relaxin

  2. Oxytocin

  3. Progestrone

  4. Oestrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Progesterone belongs to a group of steroid hormones called as progestogens. It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. The progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy in the event, that the released egg is fertilised. If the egg is not fertilised, the corpus luteum breaks down, the production of progesterone falls and a new menstrual cycle begins. Hence, progesterone is called as the 'anti abortion' hormone. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Stimulation of uterine contraction during child birth is brought by 

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Progesterone

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Prolactin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When contraction of the uterus starts, oxytocin is released, which stimulates more contractions and more oxytocin is released. In this way, contractions increase in intensity and frequency. Oxytocin causes contractions during the second and third stages of labor.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following is a gonadotropic hormone? 

  1. Collip's hormone

  2. Prolactin

  3. Oxytocin

  4. Luteinizing hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the production of sex hormones by gonads. Since LH acts on gonads, it is known as gonadotropic hormones.  

Oxytocin stimulates strong uterine muscle contraction during childbirth and is known as the birth hormone.
Prolactin targets mammary gland to stimulate breast development and milk production after baby birth.
Parathormone is also called as Collip's hormone and serves to regulate blood calcium level. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which hormone is responsible for maintenance of pregnancy?

  1. HCG

  2. Progesterone

  3. Estrogen

  4. Prostaglandin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Progesterone is produced from the corpus luteum, which is the small gland, that forms in the ovary after ovulation has occurred. This hormone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and also for the development of many symptoms during early pregnancy.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Mammalian prolactin is secreted by 

  1. Adenohypophysis

  2. Neurohypophysis

  3. Adrenal cortex

  4. Adrenal medulla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactin (PRL), also known as luteotropic hormone or luteotropin, is a protein, that in humans is best known for its role in enabling female mammals to produce milk. Prolactin is a single-chain protein hormone. It is secreted by the lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and adolescence control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction

Select the correct matching of a hormone , it's source and function.

  1. Vasopressin, posterior pituitary, Increase loss of water through urine

  2. Norepinephrine, Adrenal medulla, Increase heartbeat, increase rate of respiration and alertness

  3. Glucagon, Beta-cells of islets of langerhans, stimulates glycogenolysis

  4. Prolactin, Posterior pituitary and mammary glands, Regulates growth and milk formation in females
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vasopressin is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and it stimulates the reabsorption of water and electrolytes. 

Norepinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla and it increases the alertness, heartbeat and respiratory rate.
Glucagon is released by alpha cells and it increases the blood sugar level.
Prolactin is released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and it helps in the regulation of mammary glands and the formation of milk in them. 
Thus, the correct answer is 'Norepinephrine, Adrenal medulla, Increase heartbeat, increase rate of respiration and alertness.'