Biology

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

706 Questions

Deficiency diseases and disorders are caused by a lack of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals in the diet or environment. This includes conditions like anemia, goitre, and night blindness. Practice these questions to prepare for general science exams.

Vitamin deficiency symptomsMineral deficiency disordersMalnutrition conceptsHormonal and specific diseases

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice evs deficiency diseases diseases caused by changes in lifestyle nutrition deficiency diseases study of ecological pyramids

Night blindness occurs due to deficiency of which vitamin?

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin B

  3. Vitamin C

  4. Vitamin D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Night blindness is a nutritional disorder in which person is not able to see at night or in poor light. It is mainly caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A is retinol that helps in the formation of rhodopsin that helps in vision in low light and hence in the absence of retinol, this pigments will not form and a person will not be able to see in dim light.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

Renal rickets is related to old age

  1. Vitamin D deficiency

  2. Osteoporosis

  3. Chronic kidney disease

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rickets is the condition of the weakening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency in the children. In people with old age, rickets is due to renal insufficiency caused due to Osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'

Multiple choice zoology skeleton and movements features of a muscle muscle features muscle contraction and its effects

Rigor mortis in due to

  1. Depletion of ATP

  2. Excess ATP

  3. Excess availability of calcium

  4. Release of magnesium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Regor mortis is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by the depletion of ATP followed by the chemical changes in muscles after death, causing the body to stiffen and locked in place, making it difficult to move and manipulate.
  • When the ATP is depleted muscles can not contract and the body becomes stiff.
  • It takes about 2 days for rigor mortis to fade, and once it does, decay sets in.
  • Hence rigor mortis is due to depletion of ATP.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Depletion of ATP'.
Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Protein and energy deficiency in food result in which disorder.

  1. Kwashiorkor

  2. Marasmus

  3. Diarrhoea

  4. Dysentary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Marasmus is caused by a simultaneous deficiency of both proteins and calories (energy), typically affecting infants. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is primarily a protein deficiency with adequate calorie intake.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

A patient is generally advised to specially take exposure to sun to prevent:

  1. Kwashiorkor

  2. Rickets

  3. Anaemia

  4. Scurvy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sunlight exposure helps the human body synthesize Vitamin D from cholesterol in the skin. A deficiency in Vitamin D leads to rickets, a condition characterized by weakened and softened bones in children.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Observe the given statements.
(i) Protein deficiency in diet leads to kwashiorkor disease.
(ii) Deficiency of only calories leads to marasmus disease.

  1. i and ii are true

  2. i is true and ii is false

  3. i is false and ii is true

  4. i and ii are false
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Inadequate protein intake leads to Kwashiorkor. The subsequent edema is most closely related to inadequate synthesis of which protein?

  1. Gamma globulin

  2. Glucagon

  3. Insulin

  4. Albumin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is associated with a decrease in serum proteins. The drop is particularly striking in liver-synthesized protein i.e. albumin ( < 2 g/dl against 3-4.5 g/dl ) and lipoproteins. The protein synthesis in liver is dependent upon the supply of alimentary amino acids after each meal. So later if the protein deficiency persist there is again a drop in the level of albumin synthesis which can be noticed immediately.
The ingestion of protein rich food can control kwashiorkor. The treatment can be monitored by measuring plasma albumin concentration, disappearance of edema and gain in body weight.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Deficiency of protein leads to

  1. Rickets

  2. Scurvy

  3. Kwashiorkor

  4. Carotenemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a protein energy malnutrition that occurs in children, 1 to 5 years of age, due to constantly reduced protein availability while the requirement is high. A kwashiorkor child has match stick legs, protruded pot belly, blotchy skin, bulging eyes, wasted muscles, anaemia, oedema due to deficiency of albumin and repeated diarrhoea.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Kwashiorkor disease caused due to deficiency of

  1. Protein

  2. Fat

  3. Sugar

  4. Hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease. It commonly affects infants and children between 1 to 3 year of age. The symptoms are underweight children, stunted growth, poor brain development, loss of appetite, anaemia, dermatitis on lower leg and face. Proteins are necessary for growth, repair of tissue and for body defence therefore adequate amount of proteins must be present in the diet. Daily requirement is 1 gm protein per kg body weight in adult and 2 gm protein per kg body weight in growing children. Important sources of protein in food are cereals, pulses, meat, fish, milk, groundnut, peas etc.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Deficiency of protein leads to

  1. Rickets

  2. Scurvy

  3. Kwashiorker

  4. Carotenemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition, caused by a deficiency in dietary protein. It is characterised by the edema, irritability etc. Whereas rickets is the deficiency disorder of vitamin D, scurvy is the deficiency disorder of vitamin C and  carotenemia is caused by the excessive consumption of beta-carotene rich food. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Kwashiorkor is likely in children who get

  1. Low-iron diet

  2. Low-vitamin diet

  3. Low-fat diet

  4. Low-protein diet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition, caused by a deficiency in dietary protein. The extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastro-intestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a public health problem that exists among children in developing countries, and in certain communities of some developed countries mainly resulting from poor nutritional intake, bad hygiene practices and frequent infections.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Kwashiorkor disease develops due to

  1. Malnutrition

  2. Overeating

  3. Catalysis

  4. Mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet. 

Causes: Kwashiorkor is most common in areas where there is famine, limited food supply, low levels of education (when people do not understand how to eat a proper diet).
This disease is more common in very poor countries. It often occurs during a drought or other natural disaster, or during political unrest. These conditions are responsible for a lack of food, which leads to malnutrition.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Kwashiorkor is a disease which is caused due to deficiency of 

  1. Only carbohydrates

  2. Only proteins

  3. Both carbohydrates and protein

  4. Fats and carbohydrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Kwashiorkor is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in developing countries. It is a form of malnutrition caused by not getting enough protein in your diet. Every cell in your body contains protein. You need protein in your diet for your body to repair cells and make new cells. A healthy body regenerates cells in this manner constantly. Protein is also important for growth during childhood and pregnancy. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

A child eats food rich in carbohydrates and avoids protein in its diet. Which type of nutritional deficiency will affect that child?

  1. Kwashiorkar

  2. Nyctalopia

  3. Diabetes

  4. Down syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A diet high in carbohydrates but lacking protein leads to Kwashiorkor. This condition is common in children who are weaned off breast milk onto a starchy, protein-poor diet.

Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

A person whose diet is deficient in proteins may have 

  1. Swelling of face

  2. Obesity

  3. Bent bones

  4. Poor vision
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The one whose diet is deficient in proteins is suffering from kwashiorkor. The symptoms of this include, edema or swelling (of face), change in skin and hair color, fatigue, diarrhoea, irritability.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.