Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

Marasmus is characterized by a severe deficiency of both proteins and calories, typically occurring in infants under one year old when breast milk is replaced by inadequate food sources. Kwashiorkor is primarily a protein deficiency occurring in older children.

Malnutrition or malnourishment is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. Not enough nutrients are called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition. Malnutrition is often used specifically to refer to undernutrition where there are not enough calories, protein, or micronutrients. If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development. Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation, may have symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. People also often get infections and are frequently cold. The symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies depend on the micronutrient that is lacking.

• Anemia is a condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin.
• Iron is the major component in the formation of Haemoglobin. Hence deficiency of iron results in iron deficiency anemia.
• Hence Anemia is occurred due to Iron deficiencies.
• So, the correct answer is 'Iron deficiencies'.

Anaemia is most commonly caused by a deficiency of iron, which is necessary for the production of haemoglobin in red blood cells.

The presence of large, immature, nucleated erythrocytes without haemoglobin indicates megaloblastic anaemia, which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folic acid. Iron deficiency typically results in microcytic, hypochromic anaemia rather than large megaloblastic cells. Supplementing with folic acid and cobalamine addresses the root cause of this specific type of anaemia.

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia globally and specifically in India, particularly among women.

Pernicious anaemia is caused by the inability to absorb Vitamin B12, which is required for the proper maturation of red blood cells, leading to their obstruction in development.

Anaemia is a condition in which is there is shortage of blood or shortage of red blood cells. It results due to loss of blood during accident or pregnancy. It can also results due to insufficient iron in the body to produce enough of haemoglobin.

Essential fatty acids (EFA) are those fatty acids that body cannot produce on its own and therefore must be supplied from the diet. Deficiency of EFA causes many disease conditions like dry and scaly skin, follicular keratosis (hard and dry skin around hair follicles), bumps on back of upper arms, color variation of skin, dry eyes, mouth and throat, menstrual cramps, dry vagina, excessive thirst, eczema, asthma, hay fever, painful joint. In severe cases, it may result in kidney failure and sterility.

Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. 

The condition of deficiency and excess of essential nutrient is called as malnutrition. In this, either one or more nutrients like calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals are in excess in diet or deficient in diet. It can be either undernutrition or overnutrition. 

Calcium plays ain important role in building and maintaining bones and teeth.calcium is important in the activity of many enzymes in the body. The contraction of muscles, release of neurotransmitters, regulation of heartbeat, and clotting of blood are all dependent on calcium.

Deficiency of calcium is known as Hypocalcemia.

 It occurs when calcium levels in the blood are low. 

Teeth and bones are made up of calcium and its deficiency can lead to dental changes, and osteoporosis, which causes the bones to become brittle. Hence, the deficiency of calcium can make our bones and teeth weak.

So, the correct option is 'make our bones and teeth weak'.

The body requires many different, carbohydrates, vitamins & minerals that are crucial for both body development & preventing disease. The deficiencies of these nutrients for a long time can cause deficiency disease.

The teeth are made up of minerals like calcium and phosphate. The dentine and the enamel of the teeth are made up of calcium. Thus, calcium is very important in the normal growth and development of the teeth and gums and its deficiency can lead to the weakening of the gums.