Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Which of the following statements is true about the plant cell?

  1. The cytoplasm is filled up with nucleus

  2. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like mixture of cellulose

  3. Plant cells contain a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose

  4. There are plenty of chloroplast granules in plant root cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cellulose forms an integral part of the cell wall which provides strength and rigidity to the cell. It helps to maintain the structural integrity of a particular cell. Cellulose is a complex polysaccharide which is made up of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Which of the following statements is true about the plant cell?

  1. The cytoplasm is filled up with nucleus.

  2. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like mixture of cellulose.

  3. Plant cells contain a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose.

  4. There are plenty of chloroplast granules in plant root cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cellulose forms an integral part of the cell wall which provides strength and rigidity to the cell. It helps to maintain the structural integrity of a particular cell. Cellulose is a complex polysaccharide which is made up of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Which of the following is correct in plant cell?

  1. Bigger vacuole with rigid cell wall.

  2. Centriole takes part in cell division.

  3. Centrosome are inactive in non-dividing cell.

  4. Absence of cell membrane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are found in almost all the cells. A plant cell usually has a large central sap vacuole. Most mature plant cells have one large vacuole that typically occupies more than 30% of the cell's volume, and that can occupy as much as 80% of the volume for certain cell types and conditions. Another important characteristic of a plant cell is the presence of a cellulosic cell wall. The plant cell wall is dead at maturity and is rigid. Hence, cell wall provides support and maintains the shape of a plant cell.

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Plant cells store fat in

  1. Peroxisome

  2. Lysosome

  3. Sphaerosome

  4. Microsome

  5. Microphage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Plant cells store fat in sphaerosome.
  • Spherosomes or oleosomes can be defined as small cellular organelles found in plant cells that are enclosed by a single membrane. 
  • It is mainly responsible for the storage and synthesis of lipid. 
  • They are obtained from the endoplasmic reticulum and are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Sphaerosome'.
Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

A plant (cell) having more than two nuclei is known as

  1. Syncytial

  2. Coenocyte

  3. Polynucleate

  4. <p>Plasmodium</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • A plant cell having more than two nuclei is known as coenocyte.
  • Coenocyte refers to a multinucleate condition of the cell (algae, fungi or plant) which occurs due to the multiple nuclear divisions which are not followed by cytokinesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Coenocyte'.
Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Consider the following statements.
a. In plant cells, cytokines is starts with the formation of the phragmoplast.
b. Phragmoplast comprises interozonal microtubules and Golgi vesicles.
c. Primary cell wall is produced by microtubules.
Which of the statements are correct?

  1. $1$ and $3$
  2. $1$ and $2$
  3. $2$ and $3$
  4. $1, 2$ and $3$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In plant cell division, cytokinesis typically starts with the formation of a phragmoplast, which comprises interzonal microtubules and Golgi vesicles. The primary cell wall is deposited later or formed during the process, but statement 3 regarding the primary cell wall being produced directly by microtubules in this context is not standard or part of the classic paired correct statements. Thus statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

In a plant cell, DNA is present _______________.

  1. Only in chromosomes

  2. In chromosomes and chloroplasts

  3. In chromosomes, chloroplasts and mitochondria

  4. In chromosomes, chloroplasts mitochondria and ribosome's
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

DNA is found in the nucleus (chromosomes), as well as in semi-autonomous organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria, which contain their own circular DNA. Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins, not DNA.

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Select the wrong statement with respect to the structure of a plant cell.

  1. Cellulosic cell wall is present inside the cell membrane

  2. Centrioles are usually absent

  3. A large central vacuole is present

  4. Golgi apparatus is formed of a number of unconnected units called dictyosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall is the outer rigid protective and supportive covering of plant cells, fungi and some protists. Cell membrane is covering of protoplasm which occurs inside the cell wall. In plants the cell wall is made of cellulose.

So, the correct answer is 'Cellulosic cell wall is present inside the cell membrane'

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

With which of the following are basal bodies not associated?

  1. Plant cells

  2. Animal cells

  3. Centrioles

  4. Microtubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Basal body is also known as kinetosome. This is a short cylinder like a centriole, consists of nine triplet microtubules; it organizes assembly of the axoneme microtubules.
Animal cells posses centrioles and basal bodies, which are involved in cell division. 
Centrioles are cylindrical organelles that help in cell division. Basal bodies are formed from centrioles. 
Microtubules are filamentous structures formed from centrioles, which are involved in chromosomal separation during cell division. Nine triplets microtubules together form basal body. 
Plant cells do not possess centriole. Hence, it does not possess basal bodies formed from centrioles. 

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

Why do plant cells possess large sized vacuole?

  1. Storage

  2. Dumping of cellular wastes

  3. Maintaining turgidity in a cell

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are like storage bubbles which are found mostly in plant cells. They occupy most of the portion of plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. They also store toxic metabolic by-products or end products of plant cells. Such vacuoles are thrown out of the cell by exocytosis. Osmotic pressure and turgidity are maintained by vacuoles due to the presence of cell sap. 

Multiple choice biology structural organization in living organisms structure of a plant cell levels of organisation in plants plant and animal cell

The plant cell lacks 

  1. Centriole and aster

  2. Asters

  3. Centriole

  4. Microtubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Centrosomes are the cellular organelles which are involved in the formation of centrioles. The centrioles are the centres for the formation of the microtubules required for the spindle fibres formation during cell division. The aster is the star-like formation around the centriole. This is the region from where the spindle fibres get distributed in all the sides. The centrioles and aster are present in the animal cells and absent in the plant cells. Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology the living world botanical gardens, zoological parks and zoological museums museums and zoos tools of taxonomy

Refer to the given dichotomous key and select the correct option regarding cell organelles L - O.

I.   (a) Cell organelle bounded by double-membrane - Go to II
     (b) Cell organelle bounded by a single membrane - Go to III 
II.  (a) Directs cell growth and controls its activities - $\boxed{L}$
     (b) Provides colour to flowers and fruits -  $\boxed{M}$
III. (a) Removes dead cells and digests foreign material - $\boxed{N}$
     (b) Carries out some oxidative reactions in a cell -.$\boxed{O}$

  1. L could be Mitochondria whereas M could be Chloroplast.

  2. M could be Chromoplast whereas N could be Golgi apparatus.

  3. L could be Nucleus whereas O could be Peroxisome.

  4. M could be Leucoplast whereas N could be Vacuole.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Following the key: I(a) double membrane -> II. II(a) directs growth/activities -> Nucleus (L). II(b) color -> Chromoplast (M). III(a) digests -> Lysosome (N). III(b) oxidative -> Peroxisome (O).

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Which cellular organelles are involved in initration of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

  1. ER

  2. lysosme

  3. mitochondria

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development is called apoptosis. In this endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, mitochondria, Golgi complex are involved.

So, the correct option is ‘ER, lysosome, mitochondria’. 

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

In order to enter cell cycle a cell must be stimulated from outside. What type of molecule provides this stimulation?

  1. cyclin

  2. colk

  3. cytokines and growth factor

  4. tyrosine kinases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cyclin-dependent kinases, through phosphorylation,  signal the cell that it is ready to pass into the next stage of the cell cycle. As their name suggests, Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinases are dependent on cyclins, another class of regulatory proteins. Cyclins bind to Cdks, activating the Cdks to phosphorylate other molecules.

So, the correct option is 'cyclin'.