Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice botany transport in plant homeostasis in plants regulation of stomatal opening stomata

According to sugar concentration theory, during daytime guard cells become

  1. Turgid

  2. Flaccid

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

According to sugar concentration theory,during daytime ,the guard cells begin photosynthesis and the sugar produced during the process increases the osmotic pressure which draws in water from the adjoining cells due to endosmosis.

Multiple choice botany transport in plant homeostasis in plants regulation of stomatal opening stomata

According to the sugar concentration theory, during daytime the guard cells become

  1. Turgid.

  2. Flaccid.

  3. Placid.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
During day time, photosynthesis occur in the guard cells and glucose is produced. Creating an osmotic gradient, resulting in movement of water from adjacent cells into the guard cells making them turgid.
So, the correct answer is 'Turgid'
Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Which of these statements is/are true?


(i) The surface area available for cellular functions in a prokaryotic cell is less than that in a eukaryotic cell.
(ii) The total genome size of a prokaryotic cell is always less than that of a eukaryotic cell.
(iii) Unlike eukaryotes, no special respiratory organelles are found in prokaryotes. Hence they respire at a much less rate than eukaryotes.
(iv) Eukaryotic cells show various membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts and nucleus while ribosomes are the only membrane-bound organelles found in prokaryotes.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iv) only

  3. (iii) only

  4. (i), (ii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cellular and genomic organisation of prokaryotes are fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes. 

  • Prokaryotic cells have a small, simple structure compared to eukaryotic cells. They have less surface area per volume. Prokaryotes have simpler and smaller genomes than eukaryotes. In the majority of prokaryotes, the genome consists of a ring of DNA with few associated proteins. 
  • The eukaryotic genome is larger, organised into chromosomes, and is complexed with histone proteins. 
  • Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelle for respiration but many enzymes needed for cellular respiration are attached to the plasma membrane, which may fold and extend into the cell. Ribosomes are the only cytoplasmic organelles in prokaryotes and they are not membrane-bound.
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (ii)'.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Which of the following features is common to prokaryotes and many eukaryotes?

  1. Chromatin material present

  2. Cell wall present

  3. Nuclear membrane present

  4. Membrane-bound subcellular organelles present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall is found in bacteria (prokaryotes), fungi, algae and plants (eukaryotes). Bacterial cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan (murein). Algal cell walls are made up of gylcoproteins and polysaccharides. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin. Plant cell walls consists of a variety of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins etc. Prokaryotes lack nuclear membrane, and membrane bound subcellular organelles. Genetic material is naked and is called nucleoid.

So, the correct answer is 'Cell wall'.

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in 

  1. Animal cells

  2. Prokaryotes

  3. Plant cells

  4. Protista and fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells. They do not possess many membrane bound organelles as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes etc. Therefore, option B is correct. 

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is in

  1. Circular ssDNA in prokaryotes

  2. Histone with prokaryotic DNA

  3. Operon in eukaryotes

  4. Membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

On the basis of the structure of cells, organisms are classified as eukaryote and prokaryote. The main differentiating factor between a eukaryote and prokaryote is that the cell organelles of eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound, while that of others are not.
Hence, the correct answer is D.

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is___________ 

  1. Eukaryotes have nucleus and prokaryotes have nucleoid.

  2. Eukaryotes have nucleoid and prokaryotes have nucleus.

  3. Eukaryotes have cell membrane, prokaryotes do not have cell membrane.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Prokaryotes do not possess membrane bound organelles and well defined nucleus. Nucleoid is a region in prokaryotic cell where its most of the genetic material resides. It is not a well-defined membrane bounded region. 
Eukaryotes possess well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles as mitochondria, Golgi complex, etc. Nucleus is bound with double membrane in eukaryotic cell in which most of the genetic material is present. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Intracellular compartments are absent in 

  1. Eukaryotic cell

  2. Meristem

  3. Parenchyma cell

  4. Prokaryotic cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Intracellular compartment consist of the membrane-bound organelles that allow the separation/specialization of processes within the cell .Prokaryotic cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. In prokaryotic cell, all the intracellular components such as , DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites are located together in the cytoplasm rather than in separate cellular compartment.

So, the correct option is 'D'.


Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The organelle found in prokaryotic cell is

  1. Ribosomes

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Plastids

  4. Mitochondria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotic cells do not possess membrane bound organelles. It possesses ribosomes which are not bounded by membrane. Ribosomes are necessary for protein synthesis. Hence, option A is correct.

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The main difference between plant and animal cell is

  1. Animal cells lack cell wall.

  2. Plant cell has no cell wall.

  3. Animal cell has a rigid cell wall.

  4. Plant cells lack cell membrane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. 
  • A plant cell differs from an animal cell in being surrounded by a well-developed cell wall. 
Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The cell organelles are found in

  1. Bacterial cells

  2. Cyanobacterial cells

  3. Prokaryotic cells

  4. Eukaryotic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotic cells have a 'eu' or advanced nucleus having a well developed nuclear membrane, nucleolus and histone proteins for packaging of chromatin material. Eukaryotic cell also possesses several membrane bound organelles like plastids and mitochondria.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Plant cell differ from animal cell because of

  1. The presence of cell wall and absence of chlorophyll in plant cell.

  2. The presence of cell wall and chlorophyll in plant cell.

  3. The absence of cell wall and presence of chloroplast in animal cell.

  4. The absence of cell wall and presence of chlorophyll in plant cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Presence of a cellulosic cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cell. The cell wall present in a plant cell is dead at maturity. Animal cells lack cellulosic cell wall. Plant cells have chlorophyll present inside cell organelles called plastids. Chlorophyll captures light energy which is used by plants in photosynthesis. Thus, plants are autotrophic. An animal cell lacks chlorophyll. Hence, animals are heterotrophic.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Which of these best distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

  1. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but eukaryotic cells never do

  2. Prokaryotic cells have flagella, but eukaryotic cells do not

  3. Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bounded nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such nucleus

  4. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes but eukaryotic cells do not have ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The basic difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is the presence and absence of a nuclear membrane. The eukaryotic cells are considered true cells because they possess a nuclear membrane and prokaryotes are considered false cells as they lack it.

So, the correct answer is 'Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bounded nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such nucleus'.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Give one key difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell.

  1. <font color="#222222">Eukaryotes cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryote cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. </font>

  2. Eukaryotes cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryote cell have a membrane-bound nucleus.

  3. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes cell have membrane bound nucleus.

  4. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes cell do not have membrane bound nucleus.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes. A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.

So, the correct answer is ' Eukaryotes cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryote cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus'.