Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Cell theory states that

  1. All cells are living.

  2. All cells have nucleus.

  3. Cells are fundamental and structural units of living organisms.

  4. Cells reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Cell theory was proposed by a German botanist, Matthias Schleiden and English zoologist, Theodor Schwann in the year 1839. The cell theory states
1) Cells are the building blocks of living organisms.
2) All living organisms are composed of cells and a cell is the basic structural and functional unit
3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
So, according to the cell theory, all living beings are made of cells and cells are the basic structural units of living beings. 
So, Option C is the correct answer.
Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

The smallest structural and functional unit of life is

  1. Organ

  2. Cell

  3. Tissue

  4. Organ system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, which can exist on its own. Therefore, it is sometimes called the building block of life. Cell theory has 3 basic points.
  • All living things are made of cells.
  • The cell is the smallest living thing that can perform all the functions of life.
  • All cells must come from pre-existing cells. Hence option B is correct.
Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Which of the following forms the highest level of organisation?

  1. Organ

  2. Cell

  3. Tissue

  4. Organ system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life. 
A group of cells with similar functions and common origin forms the tissue. A collection of tissues forms the organ and performs a similar function. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. 
Thus, the highest level of organization is the organ system.
Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

The cell theory states that________________

  1. All cells have nuclei.

  2. All cells are living.

  3. Cells divide by both mitosis and meiosis.

  4. Cell is the functional and structural unit of plants and animals.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cell theory that all the plants and animals are composed of cells and the cell is the basic unit of life, was presented by two biologists, Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839). In 1855, a German physiologist, Rudolf Virchow added a third principle to the cell theory. He gave the phrase, 'Omnis cellula-e-cellula', i.e., all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Later, discoveries led to the modification of cell theory. Modified cell theory is termed as cell principle or modern cell theory which postulates that all living organisms are composed of cells or cell products and arise from pre-existing cells. All cells are basically alike in chemical composition and metabolic processes.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

The statement - All the tissues are made up of individual cells, is given by

  1. Schleiden

  2. Schwann

  3. Virchow

  4. Wallace
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Two German biologists M.J.Schleiden (1838) and Theodore Schwann (1839) proposed the cell theory. According to the theory, all living organisms are composed of cells, which are the smallest entities that can be called as living.

Cells are the functional unit of an organism. Schleiden stated that all the tissues are made up of individual cells.
A German biologist Rudolph Virchow observed that all living cells arise from pre-existing cells (omniscellula e cellula) which was added to the cell theory as a doctrine. Alfred Russel Wallace, a British naturalist, conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection while working on Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Cell theory states that

  1. Cells have nucleus.

  2. Cells are the functional and structural units of plants and animals.

  3. All cells are non-living.

  4. Cells reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cell theory was proposed by a German botanist, Matthias Schleiden and English zoologist, Theodor Schwann in the year 1839. It states that cells are structural and functional unit of plants and animals. The cell theory includes the following points -
1) All living things are made up of cells.
2) The cell is the smallest living thing that can perform all the functions of life.   
3) All cells must come from pre-existing cells.

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

Choose the correct statement with respect to cell theory

  1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

  2. All organisms must be able to reproduce.

  3. Cells have organelles to carry on their functions.

  4. Cells evolved from a primordial soup on early earth.

  5. Cells are able to regulate their external environment.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The generally accepted parts of the cell theory include: All known living things are made up of one or more cells. 
  • All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by the division and cell is the basic unit of life.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology cell biology cell as structural and functional unit introduction to cell biology cell : the basis of life

The Latin phrase omnis cellula e cellula refers to a cellular principle. Which of the following statements is the best translation of this phrase?

  1. The cell is the basic unit of all structures.

  2. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

  3. Tissues are composed of similar cells.

  4. All organisms consists of one or more cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Cell theory was postulated by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden in 1838. It includes the following points-
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the most basic unit of life. The third was added by Rudolf Virchow in 1855, which stated: "Omnis cellula e cellula" which means all cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

The longest cell in the body of an animal is

  1. Osteocytes

  2. Neuron

  3. Chromatophores

  4. Lymph corpuscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The longest cells in the human body are the neurons. Neurons are the cells of the nervous system. These cells are responsible to carry the impulse and responses. The axonic end of the neuron is present in the skin and extends into the CNS (brain and spinal cord).
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

The longest cell in the animal body is a/an

  1. Osteocyte

  2. Neuron

  3. Chromatophore

  4. Lymph corpuscle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The longest cells in the human body are neurons. Neurons are cells within the nervous system and carry messages throughout the body. Although they range in size, some neurons are 3 feet long. These include the neurons that go from the skin into the spinal cord and up into the brain stem. Their impressive length makes neurons the longest cells in the body. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

The longest cell in the human body is _____________

  1. Muscle cell

  2. Nerve cell

  3. Lung cell

  4. Blood cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The length of the muscle cell is 1-40 micrometers.
Nerve cells possess a cell body and one to many thin, fiber-like axons.
Some nerve cells possess axons as long as 1 meter. Therefore, option B is correct. 

Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

Which cell stops dividing after birth?

  1. Glial cells

  2. Epithelium

  3. Liver

  4. Neuron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The nerve cells stop dividing after the birth of the child. There are no centrosomes in the neurons. Since there are no centrosomes the formation of the spindle apparatus cannot take place. The spindle fibres are necessary for the cell division to take place because they help in the attachment of the chromosomes

So, the correct answer is 'Neuron'

Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

The longest cell in human body is_______________

  1. Neuron

  2. Muscle fibre

  3. Epithelial cell

  4. Bone cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The average length of muscle fibers is of a few centimeters. 
The average size of epithelial cells is of few microns. 
Nerve cells possess a cell body and one to many thin, fiber-like axons.

Some nerve cells possess axons as long as 1 meter. Therefore, option A is correct. 

Multiple choice biology animal tissue types of neuron nervous tissue neural tissues

Which is not a neuroglial cell?

  1. Oligodendrocyte

  2. Microglia

  3. Astrocyte

  4. Chondrocyte
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The neuroglia or glial cells are defined as supportive cells of the central nervous and peripheral nervous system that primarily support, protect and nourish the neurons. There are basically four types of neuroglial cells:-

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia and Ependyma.While Chondrocytes are cells that make up the dense connective tissue that is present in the cartilage matrix.
So, the correct answer is 'Chondrocyte'.