Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

The shape of an animal and plant cell is primarily maintained respectively by the following

  1. Exoskeleton, endoskeleton

  2. Cell membrane, cell wall

  3. Cytoskeleton, cell wall

  4. Endoskeleton, cytoskeleton
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Animal cells lack a cell wall and rely on an internal network of protein filaments known as the cytoskeleton to maintain their shape. Plant cells are structurally supported and given a fixed shape by a rigid extracellular structure called the cell wall.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which of the following is found in any plant cell but not in animal cell?

  1. Cell wall

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Cell membrane

  4. Nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The cell wall is a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
  • A major function of the cell wall is to give the cell strength and structure and to filter molecules that pass in and out of the cell.
  • It is absent in the animal cell.
Hence cell wall is found in any plant cell but not in the animal cell.
So, the correct answer is 'Cell wall'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Cell organelle which differentiates plant cell from animal cell is

  1. Cell membrane

  2. Plastids

  3. Nucleolus

  4. Vacuoles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The plastid is the most important double-membrane organelle in the cells of plants and algae and absent in animal cells. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. Plastids are cell organelles found in all plant cells and in euglenoids. They bear some specific pigments which impart specific colours to the plants.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

The animal and plant cells differ in their

  1. Movement

  2. Growth

  3. Nutrition

  4. Respiration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Plant and animal cells both are eukaryotic cell but, they possess certain distinguishing characters like plants are autotrophic while animals are heterotrophic in general. Plants are able to trap light energy and converts them into chemical energy, while animals depend on plants for the food.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Main difference between animal cell and plant cell is in

  1. Mode of Nutrition

  2. Growth

  3. Movement

  4. Respiration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The animal cell is heterotrophic, i.e., cannot synthesize their own food. They have to obtain food from other organisms. 
  • Plant cells possess chloroplast using which they can synthesize their own food material, i.e., they are autotrophic. Therefore, their mode of nutrition differs. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Animal cells do not have 

  1. Cell wall

  2. Chloroplast

  3. Plastids

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. In animal cells, energy is produced from food (glucose) via the process of cellular respiration. The plastid is a major double-membrane organelle found, among others in the cells of plants and algae. These plastids are not present in animal cells.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which of the following combinations are present in plant cell but not in animal cell?

  1. Cell wall and plastid

  2. Cell wall and cell membrane

  3. Plastid and nucleus

  4. Cell membrane and cytoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cell but have several differences such as animal cells are round and do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells are rectangular and possess cell wall and plastids.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Find the odd one out:

  1. Plastid

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Endoplasmic reticulum

  4. Vacuoles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plastids are the storage molecules found in plants cells. These are three type of plastids viz. chloroplast(storing photosynthetic pigments), leucoplast(storing food materials). Chromoplast(storing pigment molecules other then photosynthetic pigment).

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which one of the following lists the structures which are present both in animal and plant cells?

  1. Cell wall, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts

  2. Cell membrane, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondrion

  3. Cell membrane, Chloroplast, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm

  4. Cytoplasm, Mitochondrion, Cell wall, Chromosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and contain well developed cellular organelles. The cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and mitochondria are the structures which are present in both the plant and the animal cells. The cell wall and chloroplast are present only in the plant cell. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

A plant cell and an animal cell are dissimilar as plant cell possess
I. A nucleus   II. A cell wall   III. A cell membrane  IV. Cytoplasm  V. Chloroplasts.

  1. II and V only

  2. II and III only

  3. I, III and IV only

  4. II, III and IV only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plant cells have cell wall. The cell wall is a non-living layer secreted by protoplasm of the cell that forms a protective covering around the living plasma membrane. It provides rigidity to the plant. Animals lack cell wall hence they show locomotion.

Chloroplast is present in plant cells and is involved in photosynthesis. Hence plants are said to be autotrophs. Animal cells lack chloroplast and are heterotrophs. 
Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

A plant cell differs from an animal cell due to the presence of ____________.

  1. Cell membrane

  2. Endoplasmic reticulum

  3. Plasma membrane

  4. Cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A difference between plant cells and animal cells is that most animal cells are round whereas most plant cells are rectangular. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

So, D is the correct option. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which organelle is absent in animal cell?

  1. Chloroplasts

  2. Golgi apparatus

  3. E.R.

  4. Lysosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) within the thylakoid membranes of the organelle.
  • This organelle is present in the green parts of plants where photosynthesis takes place.
  • The chlorophyll pigment captures the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy and thus, helps in the process of photosynthesis.
  • This organelle is absent in an animal cell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Chloroplasts'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Animal cells do not posses :

  1. Plasmodesmata

  2. Centriole

  3. 80S ribosomes

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmodesmata are the channels through the cell wall. They are found only in plant cells. They contain cytosol or cytoplasm which allows a to and fro movement of nutrients and other materials between cells. They help to organize cells in different tissues.

Centrioles are found only in animal cells. Then carry out cell division.
The 80S ribosome is found in both animals and plant cell as it is characteristic of the eukaryotic cell.
Option A is correct.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

How plant cells are different from animal cell?

  1. Plant cells have cell wall, animal cells do not have cell wall.

  2. Plant cells have chloroplast, animal cells not do not have chloroplast.

  3. Both A and B.

  4. None of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Plant cells have a cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole, which are not found in animal cells. The cell wall is a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell. 
  • The chloroplasts, found in plant cells, contain a green pigment called as chlorophyll, which captures the light energy that drives the reactions of plant photosynthesis. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which of the following structures is usually present only in animal cells?

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Cell wall

  3. Nucleus

  4. Centrioles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in animal and plant cells, but bigger in plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. 
The cell wall is a protective outer covering of the cell. It is mostly present in plant cells. It supports the contents of the cell and protects from pathogen attack and wear and tear. It is made of cellulose, lignin. 
The nucleus of the cell contains a majority of the cell's genetic material, i.e., DNA in the form of DNA-protein complex, called as chromatin. It is present in both animal and plant cells. 
Animal cells contain centrioles, cylindrical organelles that help in cell division and absent in plant cells. Thus, the correct answer is option D.