Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice biology cell structure and micro-organisms plant and animal cell cell structure organisation of the organism

Which of the following has a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane?

  1. Plant cell

  2. Animal cell

  3. Viruses

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplast but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.

Multiple choice biology cell structure and micro-organisms plant and animal cell cell structure organisation of the organism

Identification part on plants cell is

  1. Centrosome

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Protoplasmic membrane

  4. Cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.

Multiple choice biology cell structure and micro-organisms plant and animal cell cell structure organisation of the organism

Which of the following cells tend to have one large central vacuole that can take up to 90% of cell volume?

  1. Bacterial

  2. Plant

  3. Animal

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The main structural differences between plant and animal cells are the additional structures found in plant cells. These structures include chloroplasts, the cell wall and vacuoles. Vacuoles are large, liquid-filled organelles found only in plant cells. Vacuoles can occupy up to 90% of a cell's volume and have a single membrane. Their main function is as a space-filler in the cell, but they can also fill digestive functions and their interiors can be used as storage for nutrients.  

Multiple choice biology cell structure and micro-organisms plant and animal cell cell structure organisation of the organism

A mature plant cell has

  1. Cell wall and protoplasm

  2. Protoplasm and vacuole

  3. Vacuole and cell wall

  4. Protoplasm, cell wall, and vacuole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The protoplasm can be defined as a material which comprises of the living part of the cell including the cytoplasm, nucleus and other organelles. Plant cells are characterized by the presence of large vacuoles and cell wall, which are not seen in animal cells
So, the correct answer is 'Protoplasm, cell wall, and vacuole'.
Multiple choice biology cell structure and micro-organisms plant and animal cell cell structure organisation of the organism

Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by

  1. Only gymnosperm cell

  2. All plant cells

  3. All eukaryotic cell

  4. Only bacterial cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cellular totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism. In plants, this is a general property of most living parenchymatous cells.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

HeLa cells used in cell biology are 

  1. Cancerous cells grown in cancer research laboratory

  2. Cervical cancer cell derivatives

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

HeLa cells, are cancerous cells  belonging to a cultured strain isolated from a patient suffering from cervical cancer. The designation HeLa is derived from the name of the patient, Henrietta Lacks. This cell line has been extensively used in cell biology research like cancers, effect of various carcinogens and xenobiotics on human cells etc. 

So.option C is correct.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) circulatory system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system frog

Stratum corneum of Frog contains.

  1. Living non-nucleated flattened cells

  2. Living nucleated columnar cells

  3. Dead nucleated columnar cells

  4. Dead dry flattened cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis in terrestrial vertebrates, including frogs. It consists of dead, dry, keratinized flattened cells that provide protection against mechanical injury and desiccation.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

In autologous stem cell transplant, the stem cells are obtained 

  1. From the individual itself.

  2. From a donor.

  3. From the identical twin.

  4. Both A and B.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There are different types of transplantations in which the donor from which the stem cells are received differs. In the case of the autologous stem cell transplantation, the stem cells are obtained from the same individual. The peripheral blood or the bone marrow stem cells can be used for the purpose of transplantation. There are no chances of rejection due to graft versus host reaction. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

Among the following stem cells, which are found in the umblical cord 

  1. Embryonic stem cells

  2. Adult stem cells

  3. Cord blood stem cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The umblical cord contains haematopoetic stem cells that can give rise to both RBCs as well as WBCs and are used in the treatment of blood cell diseases like Leukemia. Haematopoetic stem cells are also called cord blood stem cells
So, the correct answer is 'Cord blood stem cells'
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

Do animals have tissues similar to meristematic tissues in plants? If yes, what are they?

  1. Epithelial cells

  2. Germ cells

  3. Stem cells

  4. They don't have similar cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Animals have stem cells which are similar to the meristematic tissues in plants. They are capable to divide. These are undifferentiated cells which later on gets specialized. They divide continuously and help in the growth and repair of the body.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

Which one of the following is the true definition of totipotent cell? 

  1. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into an organ.

  2. An undifferentiated cell capable of developing into a system or entire plant.

  3. Cells that lack the capability of differentiating into an organ or system.

  4. Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into complete embryo.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Totipotency is defined as the ability of a single cell to get differentiated, including extraembryonic tissues. Totipotent cells formed during sexual and asexual reproduction include spores and zygotes. Thus, each totipotent cell is a self-contained entity that can give rise to the whole organism. 
So, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

The term 'totipotency' means

  1. A group of animals of unrelated characters

  2. The capacity of a cell to regenerate into a whole plant

  3. Hybrids formed as a result of somatic hybridization

  4. Sexually produced offsprings
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Totipotency is the ability of cells such as an embryonic stem cell to differentiate into any type of body cell. Plant cells are also totipotent, which helps to explain why a graft of a plant can generate a whole new individual out of just a small branch cutting.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

What are stem cells?

  1. Ability of renew themselves

  2. Do not have a ability of renewal

  3. Totipotent

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multicellular organisms.
  • They are characterized by the ability to renewing themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiation into the diverse range of specialized cell types. Example: bone marrow cells.
    Hence, option D is correct.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

Stem cells can be

  1. Pluripotent.

  2. Multipotent.

  3. Totipotent.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Stem cells are the cells which can form different cells which can differentiate and perform different functions. The pluripotent stem cells are the cells which can generate all the cells in the body of an organism. The multipotent stem cells are cells which can form more than one type of cell. The totipotent cells are the cells which can differentiate to form all the type of cells in the body as well as the extraembryonic structures like the placenta. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.