Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Which of the following features is common to prokaryotes and many eukaryotes?

  1. Chromatin material present

  2. Cell wall present

  3. Nuclear membrane present

  4. Membrane-bound subcellular organelles present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall is found in bacteria (prokaryotes), fungi, algae and plants (eukaryotes). Bacterial cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan (murein). Algal cell walls are made up of gylcoproteins and polysaccharides. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin. Plant cell walls consists of a variety of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins etc. Prokaryotes lack nuclear membrane, and membrane bound subcellular organelles. Genetic material is naked and is called nucleoid.

So, the correct answer is 'Cell wall'.

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in 

  1. Animal cells

  2. Prokaryotes

  3. Plant cells

  4. Protista and fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells. They do not possess many membrane bound organelles as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes etc. Therefore, option B is correct. 

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Intracellular compartments are absent in 

  1. Eukaryotic cell

  2. Meristem

  3. Parenchyma cell

  4. Prokaryotic cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Intracellular compartment consist of the membrane-bound organelles that allow the separation/specialization of processes within the cell .Prokaryotic cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. In prokaryotic cell, all the intracellular components such as , DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites are located together in the cytoplasm rather than in separate cellular compartment.

So, the correct option is 'D'.


Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The organelle found in prokaryotic cell is

  1. Ribosomes

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Plastids

  4. Mitochondria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotic cells do not possess membrane bound organelles. It possesses ribosomes which are not bounded by membrane. Ribosomes are necessary for protein synthesis. Hence, option A is correct.

Multiple choice biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The main difference between plant and animal cell is

  1. Animal cells lack cell wall.

  2. Plant cell has no cell wall.

  3. Animal cell has a rigid cell wall.

  4. Plant cells lack cell membrane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. 
  • A plant cell differs from an animal cell in being surrounded by a well-developed cell wall. 
Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The cell organelles are found in

  1. Bacterial cells

  2. Cyanobacterial cells

  3. Prokaryotic cells

  4. Eukaryotic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotic cells have a 'eu' or advanced nucleus having a well developed nuclear membrane, nucleolus and histone proteins for packaging of chromatin material. Eukaryotic cell also possesses several membrane bound organelles like plastids and mitochondria.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Plant cell differ from animal cell because of

  1. The presence of cell wall and absence of chlorophyll in plant cell.

  2. The presence of cell wall and chlorophyll in plant cell.

  3. The absence of cell wall and presence of chloroplast in animal cell.

  4. The absence of cell wall and presence of chlorophyll in plant cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Presence of a cellulosic cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cell. The cell wall present in a plant cell is dead at maturity. Animal cells lack cellulosic cell wall. Plant cells have chlorophyll present inside cell organelles called plastids. Chlorophyll captures light energy which is used by plants in photosynthesis. Thus, plants are autotrophic. An animal cell lacks chlorophyll. Hence, animals are heterotrophic.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Which of the following statement is incorrect about cell organelles ?

  1. Endoplasmic reticulum provides membranes to nuclear envelope after telophase

  2. Golgi apparatus present in both Prokaryotes as well as Eukaryotes

  3. Lysosomes acts as an intracellular scavenger by removing old or useless organelles in long-lived cells.

  4. Mitochondria have their own DNA which can replicate independently
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Golgi apparatus is not present in Prokaryotes, because prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures such as mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus. while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures.
So, the correct answer is 'Golgi apparatus is present in both prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes'

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

An animal cell, a plant cell and a bacterium share the following structural features.

  1. Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles

  2. Cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria

  3. Cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm

  4. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Animal cell, plant cell and bacterium have plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes as common parts. Cell organelles and nucleus are absent in bacterial cell but present in animal and plant cells.

So, D is the correct option. 

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

The main difference between the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell is that in the prokaryotic cell there is no

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Cell wall

  3. Genetic system

  4. Distinct nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In the prokaryotic cell, there is no definite nucleus with a nuclear membrane. But the genetic material is distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. Along with some of them may have cell wall and mitochondria.

Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Which is correct option amongst the following statements?
(a) Nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, microtubules and pili are absent in prokaryotic cells.
(b) Nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, microtubules and pili are present in eukaryotic cells
(c) Ribosomes are 70S in prokaryotic cells and mitochondria. They are 80 S in animal cells.

  1. a and b are wrong, c is correct

  2. a is correct, b and c are wrong

  3. a and b are correct, c is wrong

  4. a and c are correct, b is wrong

  5. a, b and c are wrong
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Pilus refers to a thin and rigid hair-like appendage that protrudes from the cell surface of bacteria (prokaryotic cell) and is responsible for bacterial conjugation.
  • They are absent in eukaryotic cells.
  • The ribosomes present in a bacteria and the cellular organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) are 70S type and those present in a eukaryotic cell (both plants and animals) are 80S type.
  • So, the correct answer is 'a and b are wrong, c is correct'.
Multiple choice biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

Plant cell differs from animal cell by

  1. Presence of vacuoles

  2. Presence of cell wall and chloroplast

  3. Absence at cell wall

  4. Absence of chloroplast.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are mostly round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.

Hence B is the correct option. 

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Tissue is the cellular organisational level intermediate between

  1. Cells and organs

  2. Organs and organ system

  3. Cells and organ system

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ. 
  • A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. 
  • Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Which of following is common in living and non-living thing?

  1. Cell

  2. Tissue

  3. ATP

  4. Atoms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The living organisms are made up of the cells in which the atom forms the basis of all the structures in the cells like the proteins, lipids, fats, nucleic acids, etc. The living organisms are composed of cells, tissues, and ATP as the common source of energy. The non-living things are made up of the atoms which form the material. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Identify the attribute of living organisms.

  1. Tissue repair

  2. Irritability

  3. Both A and B

  4. Crystallization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The living organisms are composed of cells which form the tissues. The tissues when damaged are repaired and replaced by the new cells. Irritability is the ability of an organism to respond to the external stimulus. The organism exhibit movement on receiving the stimulus from the internal or the external environment. The most common example of irritability is shown by the Mimosa plant which folds the leaflets on stimulus with touch. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.