Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

Progenitor cells are ................. in nature.

  1. Oligopotent.

  2. Multipotent.

  3. Unipotent.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stem cells are found in all organisms and are capable of dividing to form new cells which can be differentiated into various types of specialised cells. The progenitor cells have the capability to differentiate into one type of cell. Due to this property, they are also known as unipotent stem cells. The pancreatic progenitor cells can from the cells in the pancreas. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

A pericyte is a type of stem cell which mainly cures

  1. Asthma.

  2. Muscular dystrophy.

  3. Leukemia.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pericytes are the stem cells which are found in the adult tissues. These cells are generally found in the outer layer of the blood vessels. These cells can be used for transplantation in the individual who suffers from muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder which results in weakening and wasting of the muscle tissues. The pericytes are the stem cells which can help in the production of the new muscle tissues.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

SCNT stands for

  1. Somatic cell nuclear transduction.

  2. Somatic cell nuclear transfer.

  3. Somatic cell nutrient transfer.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

SCNT stand for somatic cell nuclear transfer. It is a laboratory technique for creating an ovum with a donor nucleus. It can be used in embryonic stem cell research, or in regenerative medicine.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

The following are statements about stem cells:
a) There are unspecialised / undifferentiated cells.
b) They can be transformed into any type of body cell.
c) They can multiply rapidly to form a large number of similar types of cells.
d) They cannot transform into cardiac cells or nerve cells.
e) They are obtained from reproductive progeny only.
The correct statements are ______________:

  1. a, b, c only

  2. c, d, e only

  3. a, c, e only

  4. b, c, e only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Stem cells are undifferentiated (a), can differentiate into various cell types (b), and can multiply (c). Statement d is false because they can transform into cardiac/nerve cells, and e is false because they are not limited to reproductive progeny.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

In syngeneic stem cell transplant, the stem cells are obtained by

  1. From the individual itself.

  2. From a donor.

  3. From the identical twin.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

There are different types of transplantations in which the donor from which the stem cells are received differs. In the case of the syngeneic stem cell transplantation, the stem cells are obtained from the identical twin. There are very fewer chances of graft versus host reaction and rejection in these type of transplantation.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

The smallest human cell is

  1. Erythrocyte

  2. Kidney cell

  3. Liver cell

  4. Sperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant of all the cells in the blood. A healthy adult man has, on an average, 5 million to 5.5 millions of RBCs mm–3 of blood. It is Biconcave in size.
  • A typical human red blood cell has a disk diameter of approximately 6.2–8.2 µm and a thickness at the thickest point of 2–2.5 µm and a minimum thickness in the centre of 0.8–1 µm, being much smaller than most other human cells. Hence The smallest human cell is  Erythrocyte.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Erythrocyte'.

    • Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    Longest cell in human body may be_____________.

    1. Nerve cell

    2. Leg muscle cell

    3. Bone cell

    4. Heart muscle cell
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between neurons and other cells. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body. Nerve cell or neuron possess a cell body with a long, thin hair like axon. A nerve cell can be up to a metre long. 

    Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    Dendrites are a part of 

    1. Grey matter

    2. White matter

    3. Dura mater

    4. Arachnoid mater
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron that receive signals. They are located in the grey matter of the central nervous system, which consists primarily of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites.

    Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    Which of the following cells are round and biconcave in shape?

    1. White blood cells

    2. Red blood cells

    3. Columnar epithelial cells

    4. Nerve cells

    5. Mesophyll cells
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation
    • An erythrocyte is a cell containing large amounts of hemoglobin and specialized for oxygen transport. In mammals, erythrocytes are round and biconcave in shape. 
    • They are devoid of nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They derive energy through glycolysis and serve as tiny packets of hemoglobin.
    Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    The longest cell in the human body is

    1. Nerve cell

    2. Muscle cell

    3. Liver cell

    4. Kidney cell
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation
    Nerve cell is considered as the longest cell of the body. It is the abundantly traced in the brain. It carries the nerve stimulus from the organs to the brain. It also carries the nerve response from the brain to the effector organs.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
    Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    Which one is smallest cell?

    1. Bacteria

    2. Parenchyma

    3. PPLO

    4. Virus
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    The cell is the structural unit of life with various shapes and size. The size of the cell ranges from 0.5 micrometers to 100 micrometers. Mycoplasma gallicepticum, a parasitic bacterium is thought to be the smallest known organisms with the size from 0.2 to 0.3 micrometer, capable of independent growth and reproduction. Later, the name for mycoplasma was pleuropneumonia-like organisms or PPLO.

    Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    .......... are the longest cells in human body.

    1. Nerve cells

    2. Epithelial cell

    3. Mast cell

    4. Kupffer cell
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The tissues which cover or protect the body are called epithelial tissues. Cells of the epithelial tissues are tightly packed and have a small amount of cementing material in between them. These are small cells covering the organs and cavities of the body.  
    Mast cells are a type of cells belonging to areolar connective tissues. It fills the space around the organs. 
    Kupffer cells are star-shaped macrophages present in the liver lining. 
    Nerve cells possess a cell body and one or many thin fiber-like axons. Some nerve cells possess axons as long as 1 meter and thus, are the largest cell in the human body. It is also known as the longest cell in the human body. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

    Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life number and shape of cells unicellular and multicellular organisms cell parameters diversity and classification in animals

    Cell size in unicellular organisms is 

    1. 0.5-10 micrometer

    2. 1.5-2.0 micrometer

    3. 2.5-3.0 micrometer

    4. 3.5-4.0 micrometer
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation
    • The cell is the structural unit of life. Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell that performs all the functions. Its size is 0.5-10 micrometers, whereas, in multicellular organisms, cell size is 10-100 micrometers.