Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

The plant cells are more rigid than the animal cell due to

  1. Cell wall

  2. Vacuoles

  3. Plastids

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cell wall of the plant cell is very rigid, tough and thick covering. It supports the contents of the cell and is made of cellulose and lignin. 
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found mostly in plant cells. They occupy most of the portion of plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. Osmotic pressure and turgidity is maintained by vacuoles. Whereas animal cells lack a cell wall and large sized vacuole.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Is there any difference between animal and plant vacuoles?

  1. In animal cell, small vacuoles are present, but in mature plant cell, a large central vacuole occupies the centre of the cell.

  2. In animal cell vacuoles are small, but in plant cell vacuoles are large.

  3. Both A and B.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are storage bubbles which are present in both, animal and plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. Osmotic pressure and turgidity are maintained by vacuoles. Plant cell vacuoles are bigger than animal cells. It occupies most of the part of the plant cell and generally present in the center. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Consider the following statements


A. Centrioles are present in almost all animals cells.
B. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
C. The middle lamella is the layer made up of calcium carbonate which holds the neighboring cells together.
D. In animal cells, steroidal hormones are synthesized by smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
The true statements are 

  1. B and D

  2. A and D

  3. B and C

  4. A, B and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The centrioles are the organelles present in the animal cells which are required for the formation of spindle fibres during cell division. 

The ribosomes are the cell organelles which are involved in the process of translation or the formation of the proteins from the mRNA. 
The middle lamella is made up of pectin which holds the two adjacent cells together. 
In the animal cells, the steroid and lipid hormones are synthesized in the smooth ER.
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which organelle would you expect to find in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

  1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Ribosome

  4. Chloroplast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant cells contain Chloroplast to carry out function of photosynthesis to create food for it. Animal cells depend on other sources for food as they lack Chloroplasts.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

What is the difference in the vacuoles of both plant and animal cells?

  1. Animal cells- contain only waste, Plant cells- contain only water

  2. Animal cells- small vacuoles, Plant cells- vacuoles make up 90% of cell

  3. Animal cells- vacuoles make up 90% of cell, Plant cells- small vacuoles

  4. Animal cells- contain only water, Plant cells- contain only waste

  5. Vacuoles are the same in both, Plant and animal cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Explanation: In plant cells, central vacuole is larger than all of the other organelles, which makes up to 90% of cell. In animal cells, small vacuoles are present.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Plants differ from animals as the plants have_______

  1. An endoplasmic reticulum

  2. A central vacuole

  3. Golgi complexes

  4. Vesicles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In plant cells, central vacuole is larger than all of the other organelles. The central vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle containing water and other enzymes that function during the life of the plant. Structurally, the central vacuole is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Which of the following characters distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

  1. Cell wall

  2. Glyoxysomes

  3. Plastids

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Plastids are present in plant cells, whereas, an animal cell these are usually absent. It helps to trap sunlight for photosynthesis.
Glyoxysomes are present in the plant cell but are absent in an animal cell. It helps in the storage of fats in germinating cells.
The cell wall is present outside of plant cell and absent in an animal cell. It gives rigidity in a plant cell.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry caskets of life animal cells vs plant cells comparing plant and animal cells comparison between animal and plant cell

Plant cells differ from animal cells in having

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Cell wall

  3. Ribosomes

  4. Golgi bodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant cell and animal cells are mostly similar because both are eukaryotic cells but the only difference is that plant cell contains cell walls, vacuoles, and chloroplasts.

Hence, the correct answer is 'cell wall'.

Multiple choice biology biodiversity and its classifications life introduction to plant kingdom classification of organisms

Which statement best explains why invertebrates regenerate lost tissue more readily than most vertebrates do? 

  1. Invertebrates contain specialized cells that produce the hormones necessary for this process.

  2. Invertebrate cells exhibit a higher degree of uncontrolled cell division than vertebrate cells do.

  3. Invertebrate animals reproduce asexually, but vertebrate animals reproduce sexually.

  4. Invertebrate animals have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrate animals have.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Invertebrate animals have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrate animals have, which explains that they regenerate lost tissue more readily than most vertebrates. Invertebrates, animals without a backbone, such as an earthworm, are simpler than vertebrates, such as a human. Therefore, their cells are not as complex and they may be able to regenerate or grow lost body parts easier than a more complex animal. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice biology plant taxonomy classification of kingdom plantae features of plant and animal kingdom plant classification

The organelles found in 4 different types of cells are shown in the table below. Use the information in the table to answer the next 3 questions.
Cell Types and Their Characteristics

Cell Type Nucleus Mitochondria Cell Wall  Cell Membrane Chloroplast
1234 yesyesyes no yesyesyesno noyesyesyes yesyesyesyes noyes nono

Which cell type will undergo the process of photosynthesis?

  1. Cell 1 only

  2. Cell 2 only

  3. Cell 2 and 3 only

  4. Cell 3 only

  5. Cell 3 and 4 only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the green coloured plastids which contains various pigments necessary for photosynthesis.
Since only cell 2 has the chloroplast, so it will undergo the process of photosynthesis.
So, the correct answer is 'Cell 2 only'.
Multiple choice origin of universe universe and organic evolution biology

Consider the following statements
(a) In prokaryotic cell, an outgrowth of plasma membrane into cell is called polysome
(b) SER is major site for glycoprotein synthesis
(c) RuBisCO is most abundant protein of biosphere
(d) Mitochondria, chIoroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of endomembrane system. Of the above statements.

  1. c and d alone are correct

  2. a and b alone are correct

  3. b and c alone are correct

  4. a and d alone are correct

  5. b and d alone are correct.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

RuBisCO is the most abundant protein on Earth, and mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes are indeed excluded from the endomembrane system because they are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. Statement (a) is false because mesosomes are the plasma membrane outgrowths in prokaryotes, and (b) is false because the rough ER, not the smooth ER, is the site for protein synthesis.

Multiple choice botany transport in plant homeostasis in plants regulation of stomatal opening stomata

For maintaining the turgidity of guard cells, a continuous supply of .......... is required.

  1. Na$^+$ and ATP
  2. K$^+$ and ATP
  3. K$^+$ and Na$^+$

  4. ATP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Guard cells help for regulating the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata. 
  • When the guard cells are swollen, then this turgidity is due to the accumulation of K ions in guard cells. 
  • As K ion level increases, the water potential of guard cells also drops and then water enters into the guard cells. 
  • Then it requires the energy which is utilized from ATP form of energy. Thus this needs a constant supply of ATP.
  • So the correct answer is$ K^{+}$ and ATP.
  • Correct option is B.