Tag: prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

Questions Related to prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

Which of these statements is/are true?


(i) The surface area available for cellular functions in a prokaryotic cell is less than that in a eukaryotic cell.
(ii) The total genome size of a prokaryotic cell is always less than that of a eukaryotic cell.
(iii) Unlike eukaryotes, no special respiratory organelles are found in prokaryotes. Hence they respire at a much less rate than eukaryotes.
(iv) Eukaryotic cells show various membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts and nucleus while ribosomes are the only membrane-bound organelles found in prokaryotes.

biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iv) only

  3. (iii) only

  4. (i), (ii) and (iv)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cellular and genomic organisation of prokaryotes are fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes. 

  • Prokaryotic cells have a small, simple structure compared to eukaryotic cells. They have less surface area per volume. Prokaryotes have simpler and smaller genomes than eukaryotes. In the majority of prokaryotes, the genome consists of a ring of DNA with few associated proteins. 
  • The eukaryotic genome is larger, organised into chromosomes, and is complexed with histone proteins. 
  • Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelle for respiration but many enzymes needed for cellular respiration are attached to the plasma membrane, which may fold and extend into the cell. Ribosomes are the only cytoplasmic organelles in prokaryotes and they are not membrane-bound.
So, the correct answer is '(i) and (ii)'.

Which of the following features is common to prokaryotes and many eukaryotes?

biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Chromatin material present

  2. Cell wall present

  3. Nuclear membrane present

  4. Membrane-bound subcellular organelles present

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Cell wall is found in bacteria (prokaryotes), fungi, algae and plants (eukaryotes). Bacterial cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan (murein). Algal cell walls are made up of gylcoproteins and polysaccharides. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin. Plant cell walls consists of a variety of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins etc. Prokaryotes lack nuclear membrane, and membrane bound subcellular organelles. Genetic material is naked and is called nucleoid.

So, the correct answer is 'Cell wall'.

Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in 

biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Animal cells

  2. Prokaryotes

  3. Plant cells

  4. Protista and fungi

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells. They do not possess many membrane bound organelles as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes etc. Therefore, option B is correct. 

Difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is in

biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1.  Circular ssDNA in prokaryotes

  2.  Histone with prokaryotic DNA

  3. Operon in eukaryotes

  4. Membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

On the basis of the structure of cells, organisms are classified as eukaryote and prokaryote. The main differentiating factor between a eukaryote and prokaryote is that the cell organelles of eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound, while that of others are not.
Hence, the correct answer is D.

The main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is___________ 

biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Eukaryotes have nucleus and prokaryotes have nucleoid.

  2. Eukaryotes have nucleoid and prokaryotes have nucleus.

  3. Eukaryotes have cell membrane, prokaryotes do not have cell membrane.

  4. All of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Prokaryotes do not possess membrane bound organelles and well defined nucleus. Nucleoid is a region in prokaryotic cell where its most of the genetic material resides. It is not a well-defined membrane bounded region. 
Eukaryotes possess well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles as mitochondria, Golgi complex, etc. Nucleus is bound with double membrane in eukaryotic cell in which most of the genetic material is present. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Intracellular compartments are absent in 

biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Eukaryotic cell

  2. Meristem

  3. Parenchyma cell

  4. Prokaryotic cell

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Intracellular compartment consist of the membrane-bound organelles that allow the separation/specialization of processes within the cell .Prokaryotic cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. In prokaryotic cell, all the intracellular components such as , DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites are located together in the cytoplasm rather than in separate cellular compartment.

So, the correct option is 'D'.


The organelle found in prokaryotic cell is

biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Ribosomes

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Plastids

  4. Mitochondria

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells do not possess membrane bound organelles. It possesses ribosomes which are not bounded by membrane. Ribosomes are necessary for protein synthesis. Hence, option A is correct.

The main difference between plant and animal cell is

biology cell and cellular organization comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Animal cells lack cell wall.

  2. Plant cell has no cell wall.

  3. Animal cell has a rigid cell wall.

  4. Plant cells lack cell membrane.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells. 
  • A plant cell differs from an animal cell in being surrounded by a well-developed cell wall. 

The cell organelles are found in

biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. Bacterial cells

  2. Cyanobacterial cells

  3. Prokaryotic cells

  4. Eukaryotic cells

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Eukaryotic cells have a 'eu' or advanced nucleus having a well developed nuclear membrane, nucleolus and histone proteins for packaging of chromatin material. Eukaryotic cell also possesses several membrane bound organelles like plastids and mitochondria.

Plant cell differ from animal cell because of

biology organization of life comparison of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell types of cell

  1. The presence of cell wall and absence of chlorophyll in plant cell.

  2. The presence of cell wall and chlorophyll in plant cell.

  3. The absence of cell wall and presence of chloroplast in animal cell.

  4. The absence of cell wall and presence of chlorophyll in plant cell.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Presence of a cellulosic cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cell. The cell wall present in a plant cell is dead at maturity. Animal cells lack cellulosic cell wall. Plant cells have chlorophyll present inside cell organelles called plastids. Chlorophyll captures light energy which is used by plants in photosynthesis. Thus, plants are autotrophic. An animal cell lacks chlorophyll. Hence, animals are heterotrophic.